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Aus Dornheim Anatomy
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<div class="button_style">
<ul>'''Anschließende Strukturen:'''<li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Schlüsselbein|SCHLÜSSELBEIN]]</li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Oberarmknochen|OBERARMKNOCHEN]]</li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Rippen|RIPPEN]]</li></ul>
+
<ul>'''Following structures:'''<li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Schlüsselbein|SCHLÜSSELBEIN]]</li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Oberarmknochen|OBERARMKNOCHEN]]</li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Rippen|RIPPEN]]</li></ul>
 
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</div>
 
<div class="button_style">
 
<div class="button_style">
<ul>'''Übergeordnete Strukturen:'''<li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Schultergürtel|SCHULTERGÜRTEL]]</li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Knochen Obere Extremität|KNOCHEN OBERE EXTREMITÄT]]</li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new" >[[Special:MyLanguage/Obere Extremität|OBERE EXTREMITÄT]]</li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Körperregionen|KÖRPERREGIONEN]]</li></ul></div>
+
<ul>'''Superordinated structures:'''<li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Schultergürtel|SCHULTERGÜRTEL]]</li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Knochen Obere Extremität|KNOCHEN OBERE EXTREMITÄT]]</li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new" >[[Special:MyLanguage/Obere Extremität|OBERE EXTREMITÄT]]</li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Körperregionen|KÖRPERREGIONEN]]</li></ul></div>
 
<div class="clear"></div>
 
<div class="clear"></div>
 
----
 
----
Zeile 69: Zeile 69:
 
<td>cauda - "tail"</td>
 
<td>cauda - "tail"</td>
 
<td>Located on the coccyx</td>
 
<td>Located on the coccyx</td>
<td>downward >/td>
+
<td>downward </td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
Zeile 89: Zeile 89:
 
</table>
 
</table>
  
=== Designations in relation to the median plane==
+
=== Designations in relation to the median plane===
  
 
<table class="lage">
 
<table class="lage">
Zeile 209: Zeile 209:
 
<td>terminal - "end"</td>
 
<td>terminal - "end"</td>
 
<td> located at the end</td>
 
<td> located at the end</td>
<d>during the end</td>
+
<td>during the end</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>profund</td>
 
<td>profund</td>
<td>profundus - "tief"</td>
+
<td>profundus - "deep"</td>
<td>in der Tiefe des Körpers gelegen</td>
+
<td> located in the depth of the body</td>
<td>in tieferen, oberflächenfernen Geweben gelegen</td>
+
<td> located in deeper, less surface tissues</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
<td>superfizial</td>
+
<td>superficial</td>
<td>superficialis - "oberflächlich"</td>
+
<td>superficialis - "superficial"</td>
<td> nahe an der Oberfläche gelegen</td>
+
<td> located close to the surface</td>
<td>oberflächlich gelegen</td>
+
<td> located on the surface</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
<td>apikal</td>
+
<td>apical</td>
<td>apex - "Spitze"</td>
+
<td>apex - "peak"</td>
<td>an der Spitze gelegen</td>
+
<td> located at the top</td>
<td>spitzenwärts</td>
+
<td>to the peak </td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
Zeile 236: Zeile 236:
 
<td>basal</td>
 
<td>basal</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
<td>die Basis bildend</td>
+
<td> forming the basis</td>
<td>zur Basis gelegen</td>
+
<td> located to base</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
<td>intrakorporal</td>
+
<td>intracorporal</td>
<td>intra - "innerhalb"; corpus - "Körper"</td>
+
<td>intra - "within"; corpus - "body"</td>
<td>innerhalb des Körpers</td>
+
<td>inside the body</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
Zeile 250: Zeile 250:
 
<td>ektop</td>
 
<td>ektop</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
<td>nicht am physiologischen Ort</td>
+
<td>not at the physiological location</td>
<td>am falschen Ort gelegen</td>
+
<td>situated in the wrong place</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
Zeile 257: Zeile 257:
 
<td>peripheral</td>
 
<td>peripheral</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
<td>abseits des Zentrums</td>
+
<td> away from the centre</td>
<td>fern vom Körperstamm</td>
+
<td>far from the body trunk</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>central</td>
 
<td>central</td>
<td>centrum - "Mittelpunkt"</td>
+
<td>centrum - "center point"</td>
<td>im Mittelpunkt liegend</td>
+
<td> lying in the center</td>
<td>zum Inneren des Körpers hin</td>
+
<td> towards the inside of the body</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
Zeile 271: Zeile 271:
 
<td>periphericus</td>
 
<td>periphericus</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
<td>zur Oberfläche des Körpers hin</td>
+
<td> towards the surface of the body</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
Zeile 277: Zeile 277:
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>externus</td>
 
<td>externus</td>
<td>externus - "äußerlich"</td>
+
<td>externus - "external"</td>
<td>außen gelegen</td>
+
<td>outside</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
Zeile 284: Zeile 284:
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>internus</td>
 
<td>internus</td>
<td>internus - "innen befindlich"</td>
+
<td>internal - "internal"</td>
<td>innen gelegen<7td>
+
<td> located inside</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
Zeile 291: Zeile 291:
 
</table>
 
</table>
  
==Lage- und Richtungsbezeichnungen am Rumpf==
+
== Position and direction markings on the trunk==
  
 
<table class="lage">
 
<table class="lage">
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
<td>Anatomische Bezeichnung</td>
+
<td>Anatomical name</td>
<td>Lateinischer Ursprung</td>
+
<td>Latin origin</td>
<td>Bedeutung</td>
+
<td>meaning</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
Zeile 304: Zeile 304:
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>anterior</td>
 
<td>anterior</td>
<td>anterius - "vorderer"</td>
+
<td>anterius - "front"</td>
<td>vorn liegend</td>
+
<td> ahead</td>
<td>weiter vor gelegen</td>
+
<td> further ahead</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>posterior</td>
 
<td>posterior</td>
<td>posterius - "hinterer"</td>
+
<td>posterius - "rear"</td>
<td>hinten liegend</td>
+
<td> lying at the back</td>
<td>weiter hinten gelegen</td>
+
<td> further back</td>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>inferior</td>
 
<td>inferior</td>
<td>inferius - niedriger</td>
+
<td>inferius - lower</td>
<td>unten liegend</td>
+
<td> lying down</td>
<td>weiter untern gelegen</td>
+
<td> further down</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>superior</td>
 
<td>superior</td>
<td>superius - höher</td>
+
<td>superius - higher</td>
<td>oben liegend</td>
+
<td> lying on top</td>
<td> weiter oben gelegen</td>
+
<td> further up</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>retrosternal</td>
 
<td>retrosternal</td>
<td>retro - dahinter; sternum - Brustbein</td>
+
<td>retro - behind; sternum - sternum</td>
<td>hinter dem Brustbein gelegen</td>
+
<td> behind the sternum</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
Zeile 339: Zeile 339:
 
<td>parasternal</td>
 
<td>parasternal</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
<td>neben dem Brustbein gelegen</td>
+
<td> adjacent to the sternum</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>transversus</td>
 
<td>transversus</td>
<td>transversus- "quer, schräg"</td>
+
<td>transversus- "transverse, oblique"</td>
<td>der Quere</td>
+
<td>the crossroads</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
Zeile 351: Zeile 351:
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>flexor</td>
 
<td>flexor</td>
<td>flectere - "biegen, beugen"</td>
+
<td>flectere - "bend, bend"</td>
<td>der Beuger</td>
+
<td>the bender</td>
<td>Beugung</td>
+
<td>diffraction</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>extensor</td>
 
<td>extensor</td>
<td>extendere - ausstrecken, ausdehnen</td>
+
<td>extendere - stretch, expand</td>
<td>der Strecker</td>
+
<td>the stretcher</td>
<td>Streckung</td>
+
<td>stretching</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
</table>
 
</table>
  
==Lage- und Richtungsbezeichnungen am Kopf==
+
== Position and direction designations on the head==
  
 
<table class="lage">
 
<table class="lage">
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
<td>Anatomische Bezeichnung</td>
+
<td>Anatomical name</td>
<td>Lateinischer Ursprung</td>
+
<td>Latin origin</td>
<td>Bedeutung</td>
+
<td>meaning</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
Zeile 378: Zeile 378:
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>rostral</td>
 
<td>rostral</td>
<td>rostum - "Schnabel"</td>
+
<td>rostum - "beak"</td>
<td>an der Kopfvorderseite gelegen</td>
+
<td> located at the front of the head</td>
<td>zum Mund hin gelegen</td>
+
<td> towards the mouth</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>oral</td>
 
<td>oral</td>
<td>oris - "Mund"</td>
+
<td>oris - "mouth"</td>
<td>zum Mund gehörend</td>
+
<td> belonging to the mouth</td>
<td>am/im Mund</td>
+
<td>in the mouth</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
Zeile 393: Zeile 393:
 
<td>aboral</td>
 
<td>aboral</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
<td>vom Mund weg gelegen</td>
+
<td>lying away from the mouth</td>
<td>zum Anus hin gelegen</td>
+
<td> located towards the anus</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>occipital</td>
 
<td>occipital</td>
<td>occiput - "Hinterhaupt"</td>
+
<td>occiput - "back of the head"</td>
<td>zum Hinterhaupt gehörend</td>
+
<td> belonging to the back of the head</td>
<td>zum Hals hin gelegn</td>
+
<td>down to the neck</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>temporal</td>
 
<td>temporal</td>
<td>tempus - "Schläfe"</td>
+
<td>Tempus - " Temple"</td>
<td>schläfenwärts</td>
+
<td>sleepy</td>
<td>zur Schläfe hin gelegen</td>
+
<td> located towards the temple</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>nasal</td>
 
<td>nasal</td>
<td>nasus - "Nase"</td>
+
<td>nasus - "nose"</td>
<td> nasenwäts</td>
+
<td> nasal </td>
<td>zur Nase gehörend</td>
+
<td> belonging to the nose</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>sagittal</td>
 
<td>sagittal</td>
<td>sagitta - "Pfeil"</td>
+
<td>sagitta - "arrow"</td>
<td>in Richtung der Pfeilnaht gelegen</td>
+
<td> located in the direction of the sagittal suture</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
Zeile 427: Zeile 427:
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>coronal</td>
 
<td>coronal</td>
<td>corona - "Krone, Kranz"</td>
+
<td>corona - "crown, wreath"</td>
<td>in Richtung der Kranznaht liegend</td>
+
<td>lying in the direction of the wreath seam</td>
<td>zur Krone ghörend</td>
+
<td> belonging to the crown</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
Zeile 435: Zeile 435:
 
<td>basilar</td>
 
<td>basilar</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
<td>zur Schädelbasis gehörend</td>
+
<td> belonging to the base of the skull</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
Zeile 441: Zeile 441:
 
</table>
 
</table>
  
==Lage- und Richtungsbezeichnungen an den Extremitäteb==
+
== Position and direction designations on the extremities==
  
 
<table class="lage">
 
<table class="lage">
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
<td>Anatomische Bezeichnung</td>
+
<td>Anatomical name</td>
<td>Lateinischer Ursprung</td>
+
<td>Latin origin</td>
<td>Bedeutung</td>
+
<td>meaning</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
Zeile 454: Zeile 454:
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>dorsal</td>
 
<td>dorsal</td>
<td>dorsum manus - "Handrücken"</td>
+
<td>dorsum manus - "back of the hand"</td>
<td>zum Hand-/Fußrücken gelegen</td>
+
<td>situated at the back of the hand or foot</td>
<td>zur Rückseite der Hand/des Fußes gelegen</td>
+
<td> located to the back of the hand/foot</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>palmar</td>
 
<td>palmar</td>
<td>palma manus - "Handfläche"</td>
+
<td>palma manus - "palm of the hand"</td>
<td>handflächenseitig</td>
+
<td> palm side</td>
<td>zur Handfäläche hin gelegen</td>
+
<td> facing the palm of the hand</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>plantar</td>
 
<td>plantar</td>
<td>planta pedis - "Fußsohle"</td>
+
<td>planta pedis - "sole of foot"</td>
<td>fußsohlenseitig</td>
+
<td> on the sole of the foot</td>
<td>zur Fußsohle hin gelegen</td>
+
<td> situated towards the sole of the foot</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>axial</td>
 
<td>axial</td>
<td>axis - "Achse"</td>
+
<td>axis - "axis"</td>
<td>zu einer gedachten Achse in einer Gliedmaße gelegen</td>
+
<td>situated on an imaginary axis in a limb</td>
<td>in Richtung einer Achse</td>
+
<td>in direction of an axis</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
Zeile 483: Zeile 483:
 
<td>abaxial</td>
 
<td>abaxial</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
<td>von einer gedachten Achse in einer Gliedmaße weg</td>
+
<td>off an imaginary axis in a limb away</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
Zeile 489: Zeile 489:
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>ulnar</td>
 
<td>ulnar</td>
<td>ulna - "Elle"</td>
+
<td>ulna </td>
<td>zur Elle hin gelegn</td>
+
<td> towards the ulna </td>
<td>ulnarseitig gelegen</td>
+
<td>ulnar-sided</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>radial</td>
 
<td>radial</td>
<td>radius - "Strahl"</td>
+
<td>radius </td>
<td>zur Speiche hin gelegen</td>
+
<td> located towards the spoke</td>
<td>radiusseitig gelegen</td>
+
<td> located on the radius side</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>tibial</td>
 
<td>tibial</td>
<td>tibia - "Schienbein</td>
+
<td>Tibia - "shinbone"</td>
<td>zum Schienbein hin gelegn</td>
+
<td> towards the tibia</td>
<td>schienbeinseitig gelegen</td>
+
<td> located on the shin side</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
 
<td>fibular</td>
 
<td>fibular</td>
<td>fibula - "Spange"</td>
+
<td>fibula - "brace"</td>
<td>zum Wadenbein hin gelegen</td>
+
<td> towards the fibula</td>
<td>wadenbeinseitig gelegen</td>
+
<td> situated on the fibula side</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
</table>
 
</table>
  
==Lage und Richtungsbezeichnungen bei Körperhöhlen==
+
==Location and direction designations for body cavities==
  
 
<table class="lage">
 
<table class="lage">
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
<td>Anatomische Bezeichnung</td>
+
<td>Anatomical name</td>
<td>Lateinischer Ursprung</td>
+
<td>Latin origin</td>
<td>Bedeutung</td>
+
<td>meaning</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
Zeile 530: Zeile 530:
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>parietal</td>
 
<td>parietal</td>
<td>paries - "Wand"</td>
+
<td>paries - "wall"</td>
<td>zur Organwand/Leibeswand hin gelegen</td>
+
<td> located towards the organ wall/limb wall</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
<td>viszeral</td>
+
<td>visceral</td>
<td>viscera - Eingeweide</td>
+
<td>viscera - "viscera"</td>
<td>zu den Eingeweiden hingelegen</td>
+
<td> lie down towards the intestines</td>
<td>zu den Eingeweiden gehörend</td>
+
<td> belonging to the intestines</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
<td>thorakal</td>
+
<td>thoracic</td>
<td>thorax - "Brustkorb"</td>
+
<td>Thorax - "rib cage"</td>
<td>zum Brustkorb gehörend</td>
+
<td> belonging to the thorax</td>
<td>am Brustkorb</td>
+
<td>on the rib cage</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
<td>intrathorakal</td>
+
<td>intrathoracic</td>
<td>intra - "innerhalb"; thorax - "Brustkorb"</td>
+
<td>intra - "inside"; thorax - "chest"</td>
<td>innerhalb des Brustkorbs</td>
+
<td>inside the ribcage</td>
<td>innerhalb der Thoraxhöhle gelgen</td>
+
<td> inside the thoracic cavity</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>abdominal</td>
 
<td>abdominal</td>
<td>abdomen - "Bauch"</td>
+
<td>abdomen - "belly"</td>
<td>am/im Bauch gelegen</td>
+
<td>Lying on the stomach</td>
<td>den Buachram betreffend</td>
+
<td>concerning the Bauchraum</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>intraabdominal</td>
 
<td>intraabdominal</td>
<td>intra - "innerhalb"; abdomen - "Bauch"</td>
+
<td>intra - "inside"; abdomen - "belly"</td>
<td>innerhalb der Bauchhöle</td>
+
<td>inside the abdomen</td>
<td>innerhalb des Bauchraums gelegen</td>
+
<td> located inside the abdomen</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>intraperitoneal</td>
 
<td>intraperitoneal</td>
<td>intra - "innerhalb"; peritoneum - "bauchfell"</td>
+
<td>intra - "within"; peritoneum - "peritoneum"</td>
<td>innerhalb der Peritonealhöhle gelegen</td>
+
<td>situated inside the peritoneal cavity</td>
<td>innerhalb der Bauchhöhle im Bereich des Bauchfells</td>
+
<td>inside the abdominal cavity in the area of the peritoneum</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
</table>
 
</table>
  
==Hauptebenen und Hauptachsen am menschlichen Körper==
+
== Main planes and main axes on the human body==
  
Durch den menschlichen Körpen, können beliebig Viele Achsen udn Ebenen gelegt werden. Um einheitliche Lage- und Richtungsbezeichnungen zu ermöglichen, werden in der Regen drei Haupachsen und -ebenen definiert. Die Achsen und Ebenen sind senkrecht zu einander ausgerichtet.
+
Through the human body, any number of axes and planes can be laid. In order to enable uniform position and direction designations, three main axes and planes are defined in the rain. The axes and planes are aligned perpendicular to each other.
  
===Hauptebenen===
+
=== Main planes===
====Sagittalebene====
+
====Sagittal plane====
Sagittalebenen sind alle vertikal ausgerichteten Ebenen. Sie liegen parallel zur Sutura sagittalis (Pfeilnaht) des Schädels. Beim stehenden menschen verlaufen diese Ebenen von ventral nach dorsal. Die Mediansagittalebene befindet sich genau in der Mitte des Körpers und teilt den Körper in zwei seitengleiche Hälften.
+
Sagittal planes are all vertically oriented planes. They are parallel to the sagittal suture of the skull. In a standing person these planes run from ventral to dorsal. The median sagittal plane is located exactly in the middle of the body and divides the body into two halves that are equal on either side.
  
====Frontalebene====
+
==== Frontal plane====
Die Ebenen, die parallel zur Stirm verlaufen, sind Frontalebenen. Im Stand des Menschens ziehen diese Ebenen vertikal von einer Körperseite zu der anderen.
+
The planes that are parallel to the forehead are frontal planes. When the person is standing, these planes move vertically from one side of the body to the other.
  
====Transversalebene====
+
====Transversal plane====
Die Transversalebenen verlaufen horizontal. Sie teilen den Körper jeweils in einen kranialen und kaudalen Teil. Diese Ebenen liegen senkrecht zur Körperlängsachse.
+
The transverse planes run horizontally. They divide the body into a cranial and a caudal part. These planes are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body.
  
===Hauptachsen===
+
===Main axes===
====Longitudinalachse (Längsachse)====
+
====Longitudinal axis (longitudinal axis)====
Die Longitudinalachse zieht sich in kranial-kaudaler Richtung im aurechten Stand durch den Menschen. Diese Achse steht senkrecht zum Boden. Im Bereich, wo Sagittal- und Forntalebene Zusammentreffen bildet sich die Längsachse.
+
The longitudinal axis runs through the human body in a cranial-caudal direction in the right position. This axis is perpendicular to the ground. In the area where the sagittal and the forntal plane meet, the longitudinal axis is formed.
  
====Sagittalachse====
+
====Sagittal axis====
Diese Achse verläuft ventral-dorsal und zieht damit von der Körpervorderseite zur Körperrückseite. Sie stellt den Schnittachse der Saggital- und Transversalebene.
+
This axis runs ventral-dorsal and thus moves from the front of the body to the back of the body. It represents the intersection of the saggital and transverse planes.
  
====Transversalachse (Querachse)====
+
====Transversal axis====
Durch das aufeinander Treffn der Frontal- und Transversalebene bildet sich die Transversalachse. Sie zieht also von links nach rechts durch den Körper und ist parallel zum Boden.
+
The transverse axis is formed by the meeting of the frontal and transverse planes. It passes through the body from left to right and is parallel to the ground.
  
 
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<div style="float:left;width:50%">Schauen Sie sich die Struktur des Schulterblatts in 3D an und explorieren Sie sie frei. Danach können Sie Ihr erlerntes Wissen durch die Übungsaufgaben überprüfen.</div>
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<div style="float:left;width:50%">Look at the planes and axes of the human body in 3D and explore it freely. Afterwards you can test your acquired knowledge by the exercises.</div>
 
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Aktuelle Version vom 4. November 2020, 12:33 Uhr

By means of position and directional markings on the body, positions, layouts and courses on the body are described. These are different from colloquial designations such as "above" and "below", regardless of the position of the body, for example lying or standing


Introduction

On living bodies there are extended position and directional designations. These serve to provide an exact description of the position, direction and progression of anatomical structures. In contrast to colloquial position words like "above" and "below", the description is independent of the position of the body. In order to recognize the correct position or direction, the basic anatomical position is sometimes necessary. This is the case when a person stands upright, his hands are supinated (palm facing forward), the eyes are straight ahead and the feet are parallel.
. The human being belongs like many animals to the Bilateria (two-sided animals). That means the body is bilaterally symmetrical and has two mirror-image halves. The median plane represents the mirror plane. This is the only symmetry plane in the body of a bilateral.

Main anatomical directions

Anatomical name Latin origin Meaning
dorsal dorsum - "back" backwards lying on the back
ventral venter - "belly" bellywards situated on the stomach
cranial cranium - "skull" belonging to the head towards the skull
caudal cauda - "tail" Located on the coccyx downward
distal distare - "be removed" lying far from the trunk from the center of the body
proximal proximus - "next" close to the trunk from the center of the body
(Deviation of the meaning in dentistry)

Designations in relation to the median plane

Anatomical name Latin origin meaning
median medium - "middle" located approximately in the median plane lying in the middle
paramedian clearly located next to the median plane clearly beside the middle
medial/medius medius - "middle" located towards the median plane towards the middle
lateral latus - " site" located to the side from the middle
ipsilateral/homolateral ipse - "the same"; latus - "side" on the same half of the body on the same side
contralateral contra - "against"; latus - "side" on the opposite side of the body on the opposite side
dexter dextrum - "right" right
sinister sinistrum - "left" links
transversal transversus - "transverse transverse to axis
longitudinal longitudo - "length" lengthwise referred to the vertical axis
horizontal horizontally located horizontally running

Further position and direction designations

Anatomical name Latin origin meaning
vertical vertex - "vertex" line from crest to sole
postcranial below/behind the skull concerning the torso and limbs
terminal terminal - "end" located at the end during the end
profund profundus - "deep" located in the depth of the body located in deeper, less surface tissues
superficial superficialis - "superficial" located close to the surface located on the surface
apical apex - "peak" located at the top to the peak
basal forming the basis located to base
intracorporal intra - "within"; corpus - "body" inside the body
ektop not at the physiological location situated in the wrong place
peripheral away from the centre far from the body trunk
central centrum - "center point" lying in the center towards the inside of the body
periphericus towards the surface of the body
externus externus - "external" outside
internus internal - "internal" located inside

Position and direction markings on the trunk

Anatomical name Latin origin meaning
anterior anterius - "front" ahead further ahead
posterior posterius - "rear" lying at the back further back
inferior inferius - lower lying down further down
superior superius - higher lying on top further up
retrosternal retro - behind; sternum - sternum behind the sternum
parasternal adjacent to the sternum
transversus transversus- "transverse, oblique" the crossroads
flexor flectere - "bend, bend" the bender diffraction
extensor extendere - stretch, expand the stretcher stretching

Position and direction designations on the head

Anatomical name Latin origin meaning
rostral rostum - "beak" located at the front of the head towards the mouth
oral oris - "mouth" belonging to the mouth in the mouth
aboral lying away from the mouth located towards the anus
occipital occiput - "back of the head" belonging to the back of the head down to the neck
temporal Tempus - " Temple" sleepy located towards the temple
nasal nasus - "nose" nasal belonging to the nose
sagittal sagitta - "arrow" located in the direction of the sagittal suture
coronal corona - "crown, wreath" lying in the direction of the wreath seam belonging to the crown
basilar belonging to the base of the skull

Position and direction designations on the extremities

Anatomical name Latin origin meaning
dorsal dorsum manus - "back of the hand" situated at the back of the hand or foot located to the back of the hand/foot
palmar palma manus - "palm of the hand" palm side facing the palm of the hand
plantar planta pedis - "sole of foot" on the sole of the foot situated towards the sole of the foot
axial axis - "axis" situated on an imaginary axis in a limb in direction of an axis
abaxial off an imaginary axis in a limb away
ulnar ulna towards the ulna ulnar-sided
radial radius located towards the spoke located on the radius side
tibial Tibia - "shinbone" towards the tibia located on the shin side
fibular fibula - "brace" towards the fibula situated on the fibula side

Location and direction designations for body cavities

Anatomical name Latin origin meaning
parietal paries - "wall" located towards the organ wall/limb wall
visceral viscera - "viscera" lie down towards the intestines belonging to the intestines
thoracic Thorax - "rib cage" belonging to the thorax on the rib cage
intrathoracic intra - "inside"; thorax - "chest" inside the ribcage inside the thoracic cavity
abdominal abdomen - "belly" Lying on the stomach concerning the Bauchraum
intraabdominal intra - "inside"; abdomen - "belly" inside the abdomen located inside the abdomen
intraperitoneal intra - "within"; peritoneum - "peritoneum" situated inside the peritoneal cavity inside the abdominal cavity in the area of the peritoneum

Main planes and main axes on the human body

Through the human body, any number of axes and planes can be laid. In order to enable uniform position and direction designations, three main axes and planes are defined in the rain. The axes and planes are aligned perpendicular to each other.

Main planes

Sagittal plane

Sagittal planes are all vertically oriented planes. They are parallel to the sagittal suture of the skull. In a standing person these planes run from ventral to dorsal. The median sagittal plane is located exactly in the middle of the body and divides the body into two halves that are equal on either side.

Frontal plane

The planes that are parallel to the forehead are frontal planes. When the person is standing, these planes move vertically from one side of the body to the other.

Transversal plane

The transverse planes run horizontally. They divide the body into a cranial and a caudal part. These planes are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body.

Main axes

Longitudinal axis (longitudinal axis)

The longitudinal axis runs through the human body in a cranial-caudal direction in the right position. This axis is perpendicular to the ground. In the area where the sagittal and the forntal plane meet, the longitudinal axis is formed.

Sagittal axis

This axis runs ventral-dorsal and thus moves from the front of the body to the back of the body. It represents the intersection of the saggital and transverse planes.

Transversal axis

The transverse axis is formed by the meeting of the frontal and transverse planes. It passes through the body from left to right and is parallel to the ground.


Look at the planes and axes of the human body in 3D and explore it freely. Afterwards you can test your acquired knowledge by the exercises.


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