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The cervical spine consists of seven vertebrae. These are located directly below the skull and represent the most mobile part of the spinal column. The cervical spine bears the main load of the skull. The first two vertebrae of the cervical spine, Atlas and Axis, are the only vertebrae that deviate significantly from the basic vertebral structure.
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Die Halswirbelsäule bildet den obersten und beweglichsten Teil der [[Special:MyLanguage/Wirbelsäule|Wirbelsäule]]. Er besitzt sieben Halswirbel, von denen der '''1. und der 2. Halswirbel''' (Atlas und Axis) deutlich von der Grundform abweichen. Die zwei Halswirbel bilden zusammen mit der Schädelbasis das obere und das untere Kopfgelenk (Bikondylengelenk). <br>
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Die Verbindung des Hinterhauptbeins mit dem ersten Halswirbel ist das obere Kopfgelenk. Diese Verknüpfung ist von einer lockeren Gelenkkapsel umgeben und wird durch Bänder zwischen dem Hinterhauptloch und dem vorderen und hinteren Atlasbogen festgehalten. Dadurch entsteht ein Bewegungsumfang des Gelenkes von etwa 20° (nach vorne und hinten).
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[[File:Hals.png|550px|x540px|right|Halswirbelsäule]]
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Das untere Kopfgelenk besteht aus drei getrennten Gelenken:
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<div class="dropdown">
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<div class="floatright" style="margin:0.4em;">[[File:PfeilDropdown.png|20px|link=|Exercises]]</div>
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<div class="dropbtnart">[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben|Exercises]]</div>
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<div class="dropdown-content">
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben: Rumpf|Trunk]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgabe: Wirbelsäule ventral|Spine]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgabe: Halswirbelsäule|Cervical spine]]</div>
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<div class="box">
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<div class="pic">__TOC__</div>
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<div class="segmenter"><segmenter-embedding public wsemb-id="HalswirbelsaeuleMann" file="HalswirbelsäuleMann.seg" width="500px" height="300px" style="float:left;width:320px"/></div>
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</div>
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<div class="dropdown">
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<div class="floatright" style="margin:0.4em;">[[File:PfeilDropdown.png|20px|link=|Neighbouring structures]]</div>
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<div class="dropbtnart">Neighbouring structures</div>
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<div class="dropdown-content">
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Schädel|Skull]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Brustwirbelsäule|Thoracic spine]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Rippen|Ribs]]</div>
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</div>
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<div class="dropdown">
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<div class="floatright" style="margin:0.4em;">[[File:PfeilDropdown.png|20px|link=|Body regions]]</div>
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<div class="dropbtnart">[[Special:MyLanguage/Körperregionen|Body regions]]</div>
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<div class="dropdown-content">
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Wirbelsäule|Spine]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Knochen Rumpf|Bones trunk]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Rumpf|Trunk]]</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="dropdown">
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<div class="floatright" style="margin:0.4em;">[[File:PfeilDropdown.png|20px|link=|Organ system]]</div>
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<div class="dropbtnart">[[Special:MyLanguage/Organsystem|Organ system]]</div>
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<div class="dropdown-content">
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Unregelmäßige Knochen|Irregular Bones]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Knochen|Bones]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Passiver Bewegungsapparat|Passive movement apparatus]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Bewegungsapparat|Movement apparatus]]</div>
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</div>
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==Anatomy==
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:HalswirbelsäuleAnsicht1.png" group="image-group-1" caption="View of the cervical (vetral)" width="400" height="300" style="width:300px; height:300px;float:left;margin:1px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;display: flex;justify-content: center;"/>
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<div class="gallery" style="margin-right:76px">
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:HalswibelsäuleAnsicht2.png" group="image-group-1" caption="View of the Cervical spine (dorsal)"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:HalswibelsäuleAnsicht3.png" group="image-group-1" caption="View of the Cervical spine (left lateral)"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:Halswirbelsäule beschriftet.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the Cervical spine"/>
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Views and anatomy of the cervical spine</div>
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The cervical spine is the uppermost and most mobile part of the [[Special:MyLanguage/Wirbelsäule|spine]]. It has seven cervical vertebrae, of which the first and second cervical vertebrae (atlas and axis) deviate significantly from the basic form. Together with the base of the skull, the two cervical vertebrae form the upper and lower head joint (bicondylar joint). In contrast to the other vertebrae, the atlas has no vertebral body. Furthermore, there is no intervertebral disc between the first two cervical vertebrae. <br>
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The remaining five cervical vertebrae have a relatively small and almost cuboid vertebral body. The associated vertebral foramen is triangular and large compared to the vertebral body. <br>
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The marginal surfaces of the vertebral body are inclined in a saddle-like manner and rise at the cranial surfaces (procc. uncinatus), which, however, only become visible in the tenth year of life. <br>
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The cervical vertebrae three to six have a forked spinous process which is relatively short. The seventh cervical vertebra is called vertebra prominens (protruding vertebra) because its spinous process protrudes a little further than in the other six cervical vertebrae. It can be clearly felt from the outside and therefore serves as a point of orientation. The vertebral arteries (arteriae vertebrales) run through the transverse processes of the cervical spine. Together with the internal carotid arteries, they ensure the supply of blood to the brain.
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The cranial surface of the transverse process has a groove from the third cervical vertebra onwards, the sulcus n. spinalis. The spinal nerve is located in this groove.
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==Movements==
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<div class="picture">
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:Atlas1.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the atlas (ventral)" width="400" height="300" style="width:300px; height:300px;float:left;margin:1px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;display: flex;justify-content: center;"/>
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<div class="gallery">
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:Atlas2.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the atlas (links lateral)"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:Atlas3.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the atals (kranial)"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:Axis1.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the axis (ventral)"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:Axis2.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the axis (links lateral)"/>
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<div class="gallery">
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:Axis3.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the axis (kranial)"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:HW5_1.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the fifth cervical vertebra (ventral)"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:HW5_2.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the fifth cervical vertebra (links lateral)"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:HW5_3.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the fifth cervical vertebra (kranial)"/>
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Views and anatomy of the cervical vertebrae</div>
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Atlas and axis together with the base of the skull form the upper and lower cervical joints. The connection between the occipital bone and the first cervical vertebra is the upper cervical joint. This connection is surrounded by a loose joint capsule and is held in place by ligaments between the occipital bone and the anterior and posterior arches of the atlas. This creates a range of motion of the joint of about 20° (forward and backward).
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The lower head joint consists of three separate joints:
  
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* das erste zwischen dem Zahn (<i>Dens</i>) des Axis-Wirbels, dem vorderen Bogen des ersten Halswirbels und einem Band (<i>Ligamentum cruciforme atlantis</i>) im Atlas
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* the first between the tooth (dens) of the axis vertebra, the anterior arch of the first cervical vertebra and a ligament (ligamentum cruciforme atlantis) in the atlas
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* das zweite und dritte links und rechts zwischen den Gelenkflächen des ersten Halswirbels und dem Axis- Wirbel
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* the second and third left and right between the joint surfaces of the first cervical vertebra and the axis vertebra
  
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Somit erlaubt das untere Kopfgelenk zusammen mit einer schmalen Gelenkkapsel eine Bewegungsfreiheit von 30° nach rechts und links.  
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Thus the lower head joint together with a narrow joint capsule allows a freedom of movement of 30° to the right and left.  
  
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Die restlichen '''fünf Halswirbel''' besitzen ein relativ kleinen und annähernd quaderförmigen Wirbelkörper mit einem großen dreieckigen <i>Foramen vertebrale</i>. <br>
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==Function==
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Die Randflächen sind sattelförmig geneigt und erheben sich an den kranialen Flächen (<i>Procc. uncinatus</i>), die allerdings erst im 10. Lebensjahr sichtbar werden. <br>
 
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Der siebte Halswirbel wird als <i>Vertebra prominens</i> (vorstehender Wirbel)
 
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bezeichnet, da sein Dornfortsatz ein wenig weiter heraussteht als bei den anderen sechs Halswirbeln. Daher dient er auch gut als Orientierungspunkt.
 
  
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Durch die Querfortsätze der Halswirbelsäule verlaufen die Vertebralarterien (<i>Arteriae vertebrales</i>), sie stellen zusammen mit den inneren Halsschlagadern (<i>Arteriae carotidiae internae</i>) die Versorgung des Gehirns mit Blut sicher.  
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The cervical spine is used to support the skull and still allow for mobility. Eight spinal nerves also originate at the cervical spine. The upper four of these nerves supply the neck and the associated muscles and diaphragm. The cervical spine protects the ascending blood vessels and the spinal cord.
  
 
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<b>Die Halswirbelsäule zum freien Explorieren</b>
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==Free exploration==
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<div style="float:left;margin-right:1em;"><segmenter-embedding public wsemb-id="HalswirbelsaeuleMann" file="HalswirbelsäuleMann.seg" height="300px" width="500px"/></div>
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<div style="float:left;width:50%">Look at the structure of the cervical spine in 3D and explore it freely. Afterwards you can test your acquired knowledge by the exercises.</div>
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<div class="clear"></div>
  
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| <!--[segmenter_snapshot halswirbel 1]-->mit Annotationen<!--[/]--> | <!--[segmenter_snapshot halswirbel 0]-->ohne Annotationen<!--[/]--> |
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<li class="mw-ui-button button_new" >[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben|Exercises]]</li>
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<li class="button_article"><b>Further article</b></li>
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<segmenter border="1">https://dornheim.cloud/index.php/apps/segmenter/embedding/view?identifier=HQBtIMtKntIU</segmenter>
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<li class="mw-ui-button button_normal">[[Special:MyLanguage/Fingerknochen|Finger bones]]</li>
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<div class="menu_item">
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<li class="mw-ui-button button_normal">[[Special:MyLanguage/Kreuz- und Steißbein|Sacrum and coccyx]]</li>
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[[Category:Spine]]
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''weiterführende Links''
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[[Category:Bones trunk]]
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[[Category:Trunk]]
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[[Category:Body regions]]
  
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'''[[Übungsaufgabe: Halswirbelsäule|Übungsaufgabe zur Halswirbelsäule]]'''
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<languages/>
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[[Special:MyLanguage/Rumpfwand|zurück zur Rumpfwand]]
 

Aktuelle Version vom 10. Mai 2022, 12:33 Uhr

The cervical spine consists of seven vertebrae. These are located directly below the skull and represent the most mobile part of the spinal column. The cervical spine bears the main load of the skull. The first two vertebrae of the cervical spine, Atlas and Axis, are the only vertebrae that deviate significantly from the basic vertebral structure.

Exercises
Exercises
Neighbouring structures
Neighbouring structures
Body regions
Body regions
Organ system
Organ system

Anatomy

Views and anatomy of the cervical spine

The cervical spine is the uppermost and most mobile part of the spine. It has seven cervical vertebrae, of which the first and second cervical vertebrae (atlas and axis) deviate significantly from the basic form. Together with the base of the skull, the two cervical vertebrae form the upper and lower head joint (bicondylar joint). In contrast to the other vertebrae, the atlas has no vertebral body. Furthermore, there is no intervertebral disc between the first two cervical vertebrae.
The remaining five cervical vertebrae have a relatively small and almost cuboid vertebral body. The associated vertebral foramen is triangular and large compared to the vertebral body.

The marginal surfaces of the vertebral body are inclined in a saddle-like manner and rise at the cranial surfaces (procc. uncinatus), which, however, only become visible in the tenth year of life.

The cervical vertebrae three to six have a forked spinous process which is relatively short. The seventh cervical vertebra is called vertebra prominens (protruding vertebra) because its spinous process protrudes a little further than in the other six cervical vertebrae. It can be clearly felt from the outside and therefore serves as a point of orientation. The vertebral arteries (arteriae vertebrales) run through the transverse processes of the cervical spine. Together with the internal carotid arteries, they ensure the supply of blood to the brain. The cranial surface of the transverse process has a groove from the third cervical vertebra onwards, the sulcus n. spinalis. The spinal nerve is located in this groove.

Movements

Views and anatomy of the cervical vertebrae


Atlas and axis together with the base of the skull form the upper and lower cervical joints. The connection between the occipital bone and the first cervical vertebra is the upper cervical joint. This connection is surrounded by a loose joint capsule and is held in place by ligaments between the occipital bone and the anterior and posterior arches of the atlas. This creates a range of motion of the joint of about 20° (forward and backward).

The lower head joint consists of three separate joints:

  • the first between the tooth (dens) of the axis vertebra, the anterior arch of the first cervical vertebra and a ligament (ligamentum cruciforme atlantis) in the atlas
  • the second and third left and right between the joint surfaces of the first cervical vertebra and the axis vertebra

Thus the lower head joint together with a narrow joint capsule allows a freedom of movement of 30° to the right and left.

Function

The cervical spine is used to support the skull and still allow for mobility. Eight spinal nerves also originate at the cervical spine. The upper four of these nerves supply the neck and the associated muscles and diaphragm. The cervical spine protects the ascending blood vessels and the spinal cord.


Free exploration

Look at the structure of the cervical spine in 3D and explore it freely. Afterwards you can test your acquired knowledge by the exercises.
  • Exercises
  • Further article
  • Finger bones
  • Sacrum and coccyx
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