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{{ArticleMenu_en|Links Übungsaufgaben=[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben: Untere Extremität|Lower extremity]][[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgabe: Fußknochen|Foot bones]]|
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<div style="float:right;margin:1em;"><segmenter>https://dornheim.cloud/index.php/apps/segmenter/embedding/view?identifier=oMwsN5F0c5Qg</segmenter></div>
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Segmentereinbettung=<segmenter-embedding public wsemb-id="FußknochenFrau" file="FussknochenFrau.seg" height="300" width="400"/>|
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Links Benachbarte Strukturen=[[Special:MyLanguage/Fußwurzelknochen|Tarsal bones]][[Special:MyLanguage/Mittelfußknochen|Metatarsal]][[Special:MyLanguage/Zehenknochen|Phalanges]]|
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Links Körperregionen=[[Special:MyLanguage/Knochen Untere Extremität|Bones lower extremity]][[Special:MyLanguage/Untere Extremität|Lower extremity]]|
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Links Organsystem=[[Special:MyLanguage/Knochen|Bones]][[Special:MyLanguage/Passiver Bewegungsapparat|Passive movement apparatus]][[Special:MyLanguage/Bewegungsapparat|Movement apparatus]]}}
  
  
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==Function and tasks==
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==Anatomy==
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:Fuß.png" group="image-group-1" caption="View of the foot bones (Dorsum pedis)" width="400" height="300" style="width:300px; height:300px;float:left;margin:1px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;display: flex;justify-content: center;"/>
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:Fuß2.png" group="image-group-1" caption="View of the foot bones (Planta pedis)"/> <lightbox-embedding src="file:EinteilungFuß1.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Division of the foot bones (Dorsum pedis)"/> <lightbox-embedding src="file:EinteilungFuß2.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Division of the foot bones (Planta pedis)"/> <lightbox-embedding src="file:FußTarsus.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the tarsal bones (Dorsum pedis)"/>
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<div class="gallery">
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:FußTarsus2.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the tarsal bones (Planta pedis)"/> <lightbox-embedding src="file:FußMetatarsus.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Division of the metatarsal bones (Dorsum pedis)"/> <lightbox-embedding src="file:FußMetatarsus2.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Division of the metatarsal bones (Planta pedis)"/> <lightbox-embedding src="file:FußAntetarsus.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the toe bones (Dorsum pedis)"/>
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:FußAntetarsus2.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the toe bones (Planta pedis)"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:FußknochenBeschriftet.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the foot bones (Dorsum pedis)"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:FußknochenBeschriftet2.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the foot bones (Planta pedis)"/>
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Anatomy of the foot bones</div>
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The <b>foot</b> (<i>Pes</i>) has a particularly heavy task: it carries the entire body weight when walking and standing. It is one of the lower free limbs.
 
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Muscles enable the movements of the foot. These include the short foot muscles and the long lower leg muscles. The muscles are also responsible for tensing the arch of the foot. The arch of the foot (longitudinal and transverse arch) allows body weight to be cushioned.
 
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==Anatomy and structure==
 
  
 
The foot is the lower part of the leg.
 
The foot is the lower part of the leg.
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The connection to the lower leg (fibula and shin) is made by the ankle joint.
 
The connection to the lower leg (fibula and shin) is made by the ankle joint.
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The upper side of the foot (<i>dorsum pedis</i>) is called the back of the foot, the lower side is called the sole of the foot (<i>planta pedis</i>).  
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The upper side of the foot (Dorsum pedis) is called the back of the foot, the lower side is called the sole of the foot (Planta pedis).  
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[[File:FussDorsalRuecken.png|left|x350px|Foot: bone of the right foot - dorsal view of the back of the foot]]
 
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[[File:FussPlanarSohle.png|x350px|Foot: bone of the right foot - plantar view of the sole of the foot]]
 
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===<!--[segmenter_snapshot fuss 13]-->Tarsal bones<!--[/]-->===
 
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The two ankles (<i>malleolus</i>) are formed by bone cones of the tibia or fibula.
 
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The <b> root of the foot</b> (<i> tarsus</i>) lies between the lower leg and the metatarsus. It consists of seven individual bones.
 
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[l[File:Calcaneus.png|right|500px|Foot: Calcaneus - left: View from plantar; right: view from dorsal]]
 
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1. <!--[segmenter_snapshot fuss 6]--><b><i>Calcaneus</i></b><!--[/]--> (Heel bone)       
 
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The heel bone is the largest tarsal bone and the site of attachment for the Achilles tendon, the thickest and strongest tendon in the human body.
 
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The <!--[segmenter_snapshot fuss 12]--><i>Sinus tarsi</i><!--[/]--> is a tunnel-shaped channel formed between the calcaneus and the anklebone by two bone depressions (<i>Sulcus calcanei</i> and <i>Sulcus tali</i>). In this channel there are several ligaments which are important for the stability of the ankle joint.
 
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[[File: Talus.png|500px|right|Foot: Talus - left: View from plantar; right: view from dorsal]]
 
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2. <!--[segmenter_snapshot fuss 9]--><b><i>Talus</i></b><!--[/]--> (Hock leg) 
 
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The anklebone connects the foot with the leg. Its task is to transfer the forces generated by the body weight to the arch of the foot. It also forms the joint surface to the upper (<i>Articulatio talocruralis</i>) and lower ankle joint (<i>Articulatio talotarsalis</i>).
 
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3. <b><i>Os naviculare</i></b> (Scaphoid)
 
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4. <b><i>Os cuboideum</i></b> (cuboid bone)
 
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5. <b><i>Os cuneiforme laterale</i></b> (lateral sphenoid bone)
 
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6. <b><i>Os cuneiforme intermedium</i></b> (intermedial sphenoid bone)
 
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7. <b><i>Os cuneiforme mediale</i></b> (medial sphenoid bone)
 
  
 
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===<!--[segmenter_snapshot fuss 14]-->Metatarsal<!--[/]-->===
 
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The metatarsal bones (<i>metatarsus</i>) consist of 5 metatarsal bones (<i>Ossa metatarsi</i> I-V):
 
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The metatarsals are tubular bones and are connected to the toes at the front end by joints.
 
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Each bone consists of base, corpus and caput.
 
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===<!--[segmenter_snapshot fuss 15]-->Phalanges<!--[/]-->===
 
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The big toe (<i>hallux</i>) consists of two limbs (<i>phalanx proximalis</i> and <i>distalis</i>), the remaining toes of three (<i>phalanx proximalis</i>, <i>media</i> and <i>distalis</i>). The phalanges proximal, like the metatarsals, are divided into base, corpus and caput.
 
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===Divisions of the foot skeleton===
 
===Divisions of the foot skeleton===
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:EinteilungenFuß.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Comparison of the anatomical and functional classification of the foot bones" width="400" height="300" style="width:300px; height:300px;float:left;margin:1px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;display: flex;justify-content: center;"/>
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Comparison of the anatomical and functional classification of the foot bones (Dorsum pedis)</div>
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</div>
  
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The classification of the foot bones is anatomical and functional. Anatomically it is divided into <i>antetarsus</i>, <i>metatarsus</i> and <i>tarsus</i>. Functionally, a distinction is made between forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot. The 14 toe bones form both the <i>antetarsus</i> and the forefoot. The <i>metatarsus</i> consists of the 5 metatarsal bones and the <i>tarsus</i> of the 7 tarsal bones. The hindfoot, on the other hand, is formed only by the heel and anklebone. The remaining tarsal bones and the metatarsal bones are counted to the midfoot.
 
  
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[[File:anatomischFuss.png|x400px|Foot: Anatomical division of the foot bones - dorsal view of the back of the foot]]
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The classification of the foot bones is done anatomically and functionally. Anatomically it is divided into antetarsus, metatarsus and tarsus. Functionally, a distinction is made between forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot. The 14 toe bones form both the antetarsus and the forefoot. The metatarsus consists of the 5 metatarsal bones and the tarsus of the 7 tarsal bones. The hindfoot, on the other hand, is formed only by the heel and anklebone. The remaining tarsal bones and the metatarsal bones are counted to the midfoot.
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[[File:FunktionellFussEN.png|x400px|Foot: Functional classification of the foot bones - dorsal view of the back of the foot]]
 
  
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==Function==
  
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<html5media width="300" poster="">https://dornheim.cloud/remote.php/webdav/Virtual-Anatomy-System/pico/production/assets/Videos/FussKnochen.mp4</html5media>
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The <b>foot</b> (Pes) has a particularly heavy task: it carries the entire body weight when walking and standing. It is one of the lower free limbs.  
  
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Muscles enable the movements of the foot. These include the short foot muscles and the long lower leg muscles. The muscles are also responsible for tensing the arch of the foot. The arch of the foot (longitudinal and transverse arch) allows body weight to be cushioned.
  
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==Free exploration==
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<div style="float:left;margin-right:1em;"><segmenter-embedding public wsemb-id="FußknochenFrau" file="FussknochenFrau.seg" height="300" width="400"/></div>
  
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<div style="float:left;width:50%">Look at the structure of the foot bones in 3D and explore it freely. Afterwards you can check your acquired knowledge with the exercises.</div>
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<div class="clear"></div>
  
 
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<li class="mw-ui-button button_new" >[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben|Exercises]]</li>
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''Further links''
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<li class="button_article"><b>Further article</b></li>
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'''[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben|Exercises]]'''
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<li class="mw-ui-button button_normal">[[Special:MyLanguage/Tibia|Shinebone]]</li>
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[[Special:MyLanguage/Untere Extremität|back to the overview of the lower extremity]]
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<div class="menu_item">
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<li class="mw-ui-button button_normal">[[Special:MyLanguage/Fibula|Fibula]]</li>
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<languages/>
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[[Category:Bones Lower Extremity]]
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[[Category:Lower Extremity]]
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[[Category:Body regions]]

Aktuelle Version vom 11. Mai 2022, 08:18 Uhr

Exercises
Exercises

Lower extremityFoot bones

Neighboring structures
Neighboring structures

Tarsal bonesMetatarsalPhalanges

Body regions
Body regions

Bones lower extremityLower extremity

Organ system
Organ system

BonesPassive movement apparatusMovement apparatus


Anatomy

Anatomy of the foot bones


The foot is the lower part of the leg. The bony structure consists of a total of 26 bones, so almost 25% of all bones are in the foot.

The connection to the lower leg (fibula and shin) is made by the ankle joint. The upper side of the foot (Dorsum pedis) is called the back of the foot, the lower side is called the sole of the foot (Planta pedis).

Divisions of the foot skeleton

Comparison of the anatomical and functional classification of the foot bones (Dorsum pedis)


The classification of the foot bones is done anatomically and functionally. Anatomically it is divided into antetarsus, metatarsus and tarsus. Functionally, a distinction is made between forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot. The 14 toe bones form both the antetarsus and the forefoot. The metatarsus consists of the 5 metatarsal bones and the tarsus of the 7 tarsal bones. The hindfoot, on the other hand, is formed only by the heel and anklebone. The remaining tarsal bones and the metatarsal bones are counted to the midfoot.

Function

The foot (Pes) has a particularly heavy task: it carries the entire body weight when walking and standing. It is one of the lower free limbs.

Muscles enable the movements of the foot. These include the short foot muscles and the long lower leg muscles. The muscles are also responsible for tensing the arch of the foot. The arch of the foot (longitudinal and transverse arch) allows body weight to be cushioned.

Free exploration

Look at the structure of the foot bones in 3D and explore it freely. Afterwards you can check your acquired knowledge with the exercises.
  • Exercises
  • Further article
  • Shinebone
  • Fibula
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