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The lumbar spine is located between the [[Special:MyLanguage/Brustwirbelsäule|thracic spine]] and the [[Special:MyLanguage/Kreuz- und Steißbein|sacrum and coccyx]]. It usually consists of five [[Special:MyLanguage/Aufbau Wirbel| vertebrae]]. It has a natural lordosis when viewed from the side and is heavily loaded when walking upright.
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[[File:LendenWirbel.png|right|570px|lumbar spine]]
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<div class="floatright" style="margin:0.4em;">[[File:PfeilDropdown.png|20px|link=|Exercises]]</div>
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<div class="dropbtnart">[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben|Exercises]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben: Rumpf|Trunk]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgabe: Wirbelsäule ventral|Spine]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgabe: Lendenwirbelsäule|Lumbar spine]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgabe: Leber kaudal|Liver caudal]]</div>
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<div class="pic">__TOC__</div>
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<div class="segmenter"><segmenter-embedding public wsemb-id="LendenwirbelsaeuleMann" file="LendenwirbelsäuleMann.seg" width="500px" height="300px" style="float:left;width:320px"/></div>
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<div class="floatright" style="margin:0.4em;">[[File:PfeilDropdown.png|20px|link=|Neighbouring structures]]</div>
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<div class="dropbtnart">Neighbouring structures</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Brustwirbelsäule|thoracic spine]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Kreuz- und Steißbein|sacrum and coccyx]]</div>
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<div class="floatright" style="margin:0.4em;">[[File:PfeilDropdown.png|20px|link=|Body regions]]</div>
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<div class="dropbtnart">[[Special:MyLanguage/Körperregionen|Body regions]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Wirbelsäule|Spine]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Knochen Rumpf|Bones trunk]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Rumpf|Trunk]]</div>
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<div class="floatright" style="margin:0.4em;">[[File:PfeilDropdown.png|20px|link=|Organ system]]</div>
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<div class="dropbtnart">[[Special:MyLanguage/Organsystem|Organ system]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Unregelmäßige Knochen|Irregular Bones]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Knochen|Bones]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Passiver Bewegungsapparat|Passive movement apparatus]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Bewegungsapparat|Movement apparatus]]</div>
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==Anatomy==
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:LendenwirbelsäuleAnsicht1.png" group="image-group-1" caption="View of the lumbar spine (ventral)" width="400" height="300" style="width:300px; height:300px;float:left;margin:1px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;display: flex;justify-content: center;"/>
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:LendenwirbelsäuleAnsicht2.png" group="image-group-1" caption="View of the lumbar spine (dorsal)"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:LendenwirbelsäuleAnsicht3.png" group="image-group-1" caption="View of the lumbar spine (links lateral)"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:Lendenwirbelsäule_beschriftet.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the lumbar spine"/>
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View and anatomy of the lumbar spine</div>
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:LW2_1.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the second lumbar vertebra (ventral)" width="400" height="300" style="width:300px; height:300px;float:left;margin:1px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;display: flex;justify-content: center;"/>
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:LW2_2.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the second lumbar vertebra (links lateral)"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:LW2_3.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the second lumbar vertebra (cranial)"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:LW5_1.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the fifth lumbar vertebra (ventral)"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:LW5_2.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the fifth lumbar vertebra (links lateral)"/>
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:LW5_3.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the fifth lumbar vertebra (cranial)"/>
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View and Anatomy of the lumbar vertebrae</div>
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The five lumbar vertebrae, which are usually five, form the lumbar spine. The lumbar vertebrae connect caudally to the twelfth thoracic vertebra. Thus, the lumbar spine forms the basis of the [[Special:MyLanguage/Rumpf|trunk]]. There is a physiological forward curvature. This is a lordosis as it is also found in the [[Special:MyLanguage/Halswirbelsäule|cervical spine]]. Since the lumbar vertebrae are subjected to greater stress during gait, they show a more pronounced development of the vertebral bodies and spinous processes. The spinous processes here are flattened on both sides and very strongly pronounced. The vertebral bodies have a transverse oval shape. Compared to the other vertebrae, they are high and broad. The powerful articular processes (procc. articulares superior and inferior) have slightly bevelled joint surfaces. These are vertically and almost sagitally extended. The massive vertebral arches enclose a triangular vertebral hole and unite to form the spinous process.
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Just as in the other sections of the spine, the intervertebral discs (intervertebral discs) and ligaments are located between the lumbar vertebrae. The transverse processes become longer from the first to the third lumbar vertebrae. Then they shorten again up to the fifth lumbar vertebra. They are also rib rudiments and are therefore called procc. costales. As a result, the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae are not homologous to the transverse processes of the other vertebral segments.  The procc. mamillares (muscle cusps), which lie on the outer surfaces of the upper joint processes, serve as attachment points for autochthonous back muscles.
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The peculiarity of the lumbar region is that the number of lumbar vertebrae in humans can vary. If the last lumbar vertebra grows together with the first sacral vertebra, sacralisation is present. This means that a person has only four lumbar vertebrae. This phenomenon can also be present in another direction if the first and second sacral vertebrae do not fuse and there is an intervertebral disc between them. Then one speaks of a lumbalisation. The first non-adjoined sacral vertebra is thus considered to be the sixth lumbar vertebra.
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==Movement==
  
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The mobility of the spine is extended by the lumbar spine. The bending of the body is carried out via the lumbar vertebrae. This is done via a transverse axis in the lumbar spine. Lateral inclination is possible in the same way as in the cervical spine.
  
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The lumbar spine is the section of the [[Wirbelsäule|spine]] that begins directly under the thoracic spine and ends at the sacrum. It consists of 5 lumbar vertebrae. Furthermore, the lumbar spine represents the base of the trunk and is particularly strained by the upright gait. Like the cervical spine, it has a physiological forward curvature (lordosis).<br>
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==Function==
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Due to the heavy load, both the articular processes and their lumbar vertebrae are stronger than those of the rest of the spine. They have a transverse oval shape and are high and broad. The powerful joint processes (<i>Procc. articulares superior</i> and <i>inferior</i>) have slightly bevelled joint surfaces which are vertically and almost sagitally extended. Therefore, only limited or no rotation is possible. The massive vertebral arches enclose a triangular invertebral hole and unite dorsally to form a strong spinous process that is flattened on both sides.
 
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As in other parts of the spine, the intervertebral discs (intervertebral discs) and ligaments are located between the lumbar vertebrae.<br>
 
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The transverse processes become longer from the first to the third lumbar vertebra and then shorter again up to the fifth lumbar vertebra. They are also rib rudiments and are therefore referred to as <i>Procc. costales</i>.
 
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The <i>Procc. mamillares</i> (muscle humps), which are located on the outer surfaces of the upper processes of the joints, serve as insertions for autochthonous back muscles.
 
  
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The lumbar spine bears the weight of both the trunk and the head. Here too, the vertebrae protect the spinal cord. However, the spinal cord only extends to the first or second lumbar vertebrae and then merges into a nerve bundle. Together with cervical lordosis and thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis serves to position the centre of gravity above the feet.
  
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==Free exploration==
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<b> Die Lendenwirbelsäule zum freien Explorieren</b>
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<div style="float:left;margin-right:1em;"><segmenter-embedding public wsemb-id="LendenwirbelsaeuleMann" file="LendenwirbelsäuleMann.seg" height="300px" width="500px"/></div>
  
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| <!--[segmenter_snapshot lendenwirbel 1]-->mit Annotationen<!--[/]--> | <!--[segmenter_snapshot lendenwirbel 0]-->ohne Annotationen<!--[/]-->  |
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<div style="float:left;width:50%">Look at the structure of the lumbar spine in 3D and explore it freely. Afterwards you can test your acquired knowledge by the exercises.</div>
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<segmenter border="1">https://dornheim.cloud/index.php/apps/segmenter/embedding/view?identifier=WNc02CvroFFl</segmenter>
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<li class="mw-ui-button button_new" >[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben|Exercises]]</li>
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<li class="button_article"><b>Further article</b></li>
 
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<li class="mw-ui-button button_normal">[[Special:MyLanguage/Zehenknochen|Phalanges of foot]]</li>
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<li class="mw-ui-button button_normal">[[Special:MyLanguage/Hüftbein|Hipbone]]</li>
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''weiterführende Links''
 
  
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'''[[Übungsaufgabe: Lendenwirbelsäule|Übung zur Lendenwirbelsäule]]'''
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[[Category:Spine]]
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[[Category:Bones trunk]]
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[[Category:Trunk]]
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[[Category:Body regions]]
  
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[[Special:MyLanguage/Rumpfwand|zurück zur Rumpfwand]]
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<languages/>

Aktuelle Version vom 11. Mai 2022, 07:22 Uhr

The lumbar spine is located between the thracic spine and the sacrum and coccyx. It usually consists of five vertebrae. It has a natural lordosis when viewed from the side and is heavily loaded when walking upright.

Exercises
Exercises
Neighbouring structures
Neighbouring structures
Body regions
Body regions
Organ system
Organ system

Anatomy

View and anatomy of the lumbar spine

View and Anatomy of the lumbar vertebrae

The five lumbar vertebrae, which are usually five, form the lumbar spine. The lumbar vertebrae connect caudally to the twelfth thoracic vertebra. Thus, the lumbar spine forms the basis of the trunk. There is a physiological forward curvature. This is a lordosis as it is also found in the cervical spine. Since the lumbar vertebrae are subjected to greater stress during gait, they show a more pronounced development of the vertebral bodies and spinous processes. The spinous processes here are flattened on both sides and very strongly pronounced. The vertebral bodies have a transverse oval shape. Compared to the other vertebrae, they are high and broad. The powerful articular processes (procc. articulares superior and inferior) have slightly bevelled joint surfaces. These are vertically and almost sagitally extended. The massive vertebral arches enclose a triangular vertebral hole and unite to form the spinous process.

Just as in the other sections of the spine, the intervertebral discs (intervertebral discs) and ligaments are located between the lumbar vertebrae. The transverse processes become longer from the first to the third lumbar vertebrae. Then they shorten again up to the fifth lumbar vertebra. They are also rib rudiments and are therefore called procc. costales. As a result, the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae are not homologous to the transverse processes of the other vertebral segments. The procc. mamillares (muscle cusps), which lie on the outer surfaces of the upper joint processes, serve as attachment points for autochthonous back muscles.

The peculiarity of the lumbar region is that the number of lumbar vertebrae in humans can vary. If the last lumbar vertebra grows together with the first sacral vertebra, sacralisation is present. This means that a person has only four lumbar vertebrae. This phenomenon can also be present in another direction if the first and second sacral vertebrae do not fuse and there is an intervertebral disc between them. Then one speaks of a lumbalisation. The first non-adjoined sacral vertebra is thus considered to be the sixth lumbar vertebra.

Movement

The mobility of the spine is extended by the lumbar spine. The bending of the body is carried out via the lumbar vertebrae. This is done via a transverse axis in the lumbar spine. Lateral inclination is possible in the same way as in the cervical spine.

Function

The lumbar spine bears the weight of both the trunk and the head. Here too, the vertebrae protect the spinal cord. However, the spinal cord only extends to the first or second lumbar vertebrae and then merges into a nerve bundle. Together with cervical lordosis and thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis serves to position the centre of gravity above the feet.

Free exploration

Look at the structure of the lumbar spine in 3D and explore it freely. Afterwards you can test your acquired knowledge by the exercises.
  • Exercises
  • Further article
  • Phalanges of foot
  • Hipbone
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