Rippen und Brustbein/en: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

Aktuelle Version vom 2. Januar 2020, 14:19 Uhr

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Inhaltsverzeichnis

1 Ribs
- 1.1 Classification of the ribs
- 1.2 Different rib shapes
2 Sternum

Ribs

Ribs are paired, curved, rod-shaped bones that originate on the dorsal side of the thoracic spine.

Most ribs then reach the sternum in a semicircle.
In this way they create a cross connection between the two structures and thus serve the stability and elasticity of the thorax. Usually the female thorax is narrower and shorter than the male.
A human has a total of twelve pairs of ribs, which corresponds to the number of thoracic vertebrae.

Each rib consists of the actual rib bone (Os costale) and an adjacent cartilage section, the rib cartilage (Cartilago costalis). The individual ribs do not border directly on each other, but are separated from each other by the intercostal space. This space is partly filled by the intercostal muscles.

The rib heads connect the ribs to the spine in an articulated manner. Each rib touches two consecutive vertebrae. The articular surface of the rib head (Facies articularis capitis costae) is therefore divided into two parts.

The rib hump (Tuberculum costae) is located at the rib neck and is connected to the transverse process of the thoracic vertebra at the same level by a small articular surface (Facies articularis tuberculi costae). Not far from the rib neck is the Angulus costae (rib angle). The flat rib body has a convex outer surface (Facies externa) and a concave inner surface (Facies interna). The anterior part of the ribs consists of cartilage. This connects the ribs elastically to the sternum. Without this freedom of movement, the ribs would not be able to move with inhalation and expiration.

Classification of the ribs

The ribs can be divided into three groups. The connection to the sternum is decisive for this.

The first seven pairs of ribs reach the sternum directly as so-called real ribs (Costae verae).

The next five ribs are called false rib pairs (Costae spuriae). The 8th, 9th and 10th ribs are only indirectly connected to the sternum. The closest rib cartilages connect and are thus involved in the development of the costal arch (Arcus costalis).

The last two "false" rib pairs (Costae fluctuantes) of the 11th and 12th rib usually end freely between the muscles of the lateral abdominal wall.

Different rib shapes

Classification of ribs: 2nd, 5th and 11th right rib

Each pair of ribs is bilaterally symmetrical, but the shape is different in each segment. The rib neck ranges from the rib head (Caput costae) to the rib hump (Tuberculum costae) and is located at the dorsal end of the rib. With the exception of the 1st rib, it has an upwardly directed groin (Crista colli costa).

The rib body (Corpus costae) bends to the front laterally from the rib cusp, forming the rib angle (Angulus costae). The rib bodies of the 2nd-11th rib show irregular curvatures, the so-called surface and edge curvatures.

Due to their additional rotation about the longitudinal axis, the outer surfaces of the ribs are slightly caudal at their vertebral end and slightly cranial at their ventral end. Normally the 1st and 12th ribs are shortest and the 7th rib is longest. The rib cartilage in turn increases in length from the 1st to the 7th rib and becomes shorter again from the 8th rib. With the exception of the 1st, 11th and 12th ribs, each rib has a groove (Sulcus costae) on its underside in which the intercostal vessels and nerves are relatively protected.

Sternum

The sternum is a flat, sword-shaped and slightly forward arched bone. The side of the sternum has several notches (Incisurae costales). Ventral and lateral view of the sternum:

The sternum can be divided into three main bony sections: Manubrium (Manubrium sterni), body (Corpus sterni), and sword process (Processus xiphoideus).

Good palpation through the skin is a notch (Incisura jugularis) at the cranial margin of the manubrium. The depressions Incisurae claviculares (right and left) allow the connection to the respective clavicle. The flat notch (Incisura costalis I) below is for the cartilaginous connection with the first rib. The other notches (Incisura II-VII) are for the cartilaginous connection with ribs 2-7. At Angulus sterni the manubrium is slightly bent backwards against the body of the sternum. The sword process is often cartilaginous and has no connection to a rib.

The bony structure of the thorax for free exploration

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Further links

Exercises

back to the trunk wall

@@ Zeile 27: / Zeile 27: @@
 [[File:EinteilungRippen.png|350px|right|Classification of the ribs]]
-Die Rippen lassen sich in drei Gruppen einteilen. Entscheidend hierfür ist die Verbindung zum Brustbein.
+The ribs can be divided into three groups. The connection to the sternum is decisive for this.
-Die ersten sieben Rippenpaare erreichen als sogenannte echte Rippen (<i>Costae verae</i>) das Brustbein direkt.
+The first seven pairs of ribs reach the sternum directly as so-called real ribs (<i>Costae verae</i>).
-Die nächsten fünf Rippen werden als falsche Rippenpaaren (<i>Costae spuriae</i>) bezeichnet. Dabei stehen die 8., 9. und 10. Rippe mit dem Brustbein nur indirekt in Verbindung. Die jeweiligen nächstgelegenen Rippenknorpel verbinden sich und sind so am Aufbau des Rippenbogens (<i>Arcus costalis</i>) beteiligt.
+The next five ribs are called false rib pairs (<i>Costae spuriae</i>). The 8th, 9th and 10th ribs are only indirectly connected to the sternum. The closest rib cartilages connect and are thus involved in the development of the costal arch (<i>Arcus costalis</i>).
-Die beiden letzten "falschen" Rippenpaare (<i>Costae fluctuantes</i>) der 11. und 12. Rippe enden meist frei zwischen den Muskeln der seitlichen Bauchwand.
+The last two "false" rib pairs (<i>Costae fluctuantes</i>) of the 11th and 12th rib usually end freely between the muscles of the lateral abdominal wall.
-===Unterschiedliche Rippenformen===
+===Different rib shapes===
-[[File:AufbauRippe.png|400px|left|Einteilung der Rippen: 1. rechte Rippe]]
+[[File:AufbauRippe.png|400px|left|Classification of ribs: 1st right rib]]
-[[File:BestandteileRippen.png|500px|right|Einteilung der Rippen: 2., 5. und 11. rechte Rippe]]
+[[File:BestandteileRippen.png|500px|right|Classification of ribs: 2nd, 5th and 11th right rib]]
 <br>
 <div class="clear"></div>
-Jedes Rippenpaar ist bilateral symmetrisch, die Form jedoch ist in jedem Segment verschieden.
+Each pair of ribs is bilaterally symmetrical, but the shape is different in each segment.
-Der Rippenhals reicht vom Rippenköpfchen (<i>Caput costae</i>) bis zum Rippenhöckerchen (<i>Tuberculum costae</i>) und liegt am dorsalen Ende der Rippe. Er weist mit Ausnahme der 1. Rippe eine nach oben gerichtete Leiste (<i>Crista colli costa</i>) auf.
+The rib neck ranges from the rib head (<i>Caput costae</i>) to the rib hump (<i>Tuberculum costae</i>) and is located at the dorsal end of the rib. With the exception of the 1st rib, it has an upwardly directed groin (<i>Crista colli costa</i>).
-Lateral vom Rippenhöckerchen biegt sich der Rippenkörper (<i>Corpus costae</i>) unter Bildung des Rippenwinkels (<i>Angulus costae</i>) nach vorne um. Die Rippenkörper der 2.-11. Rippe weisen unregelmäßige Krümmungen auf, die sogenannten Flächen- und Kantenkrümmungen.
+The rib body (<i>Corpus costae</i>) bends to the front laterally from the rib cusp, forming the rib angle (<i>Angulus costae</i>). The rib bodies of the 2nd-11th rib show irregular curvatures, the so-called surface and edge curvatures.
-Durch ihre zusätzliche Verdrehung um die Längsachse sind die Außenflächen der Rippen an ihrem vertebralen Ende etwas nach kaudal, und an ihrem ventralen Ende leicht nach kranial geneigt. Normalerweise sind die 1. und 12. Rippe am kürzesten, und die 7. Rippe am längsten. Der Rippenknorpel wiederrum lässt nimmt von der 1.-7. Rippe an Länge zu, ab der 8. Rippe wird er wieder kürzer. Mit Ausnahme der 1., 11. und 12. Rippe besitzt jede Rippe an ihrer Unterfäche eine Furche (<i>Sulcus costae</i>), in dem die Interkostalgefäße und -nerven relativ geschützt verlaufen.
+Due to their additional rotation about the longitudinal axis, the outer surfaces of the ribs are slightly caudal at their vertebral end and slightly cranial at their ventral end. Normally the 1st and 12th ribs are shortest and the 7th rib is longest. The rib cartilage in turn increases in length from the 1st to the 7th rib and becomes shorter again from the 8th rib. With the exception of the 1st, 11th and 12th ribs, each rib has a groove (<i>Sulcus costae</i>) on its underside in which the intercostal vessels and nerves are relatively protected.
-==Brustbein==
+==Sternum==
-Das Brustbein ist ein platter, schwertförmiger und leicht nach vorn gewölbter Knochen. Die Seite des Brustbeins weist mehrere Einkerbungen (<i>Incisurae costales</i>) auf.
+The sternum is a flat, sword-shaped and slightly forward arched bone. The side of the sternum has several notches (<i>Incisurae costales</i>).
-Ventrale und laterale Ansicht des Brustbeins:
+Ventral and lateral view of the sternum:
-[[File:Sternum.png|left|500px|Ventrale Ansicht des Brustbeins]]
+[[File:Sternum.png|left|500px|Ventral view of the sternum]]
-[[File:SternumLateral.png|right|480px|Laterale Ansicht des Brustbeins]]
+[[File:SternumLateral.png|right|480px|Lateral view of the sternum]]
 <div class="clear"></div>
-Das Brustbein kann in drei knöcherne Hauptabschnitte unterteilt werden: Handgriff (<i>Manubrium sterni</i>), Körper (<i>Corpus sterni</i>) und Schwertfortsatz (<i>Processus xiphoideus</i>).
+The sternum can be divided into three main bony sections: Manubrium (<i>Manubrium sterni</i>), body (<i>Corpus sterni</i>), and sword process (<i>Processus xiphoideus</i>).
-Gut durch die Haut zu ertasten ist eine Einkerbung (<i>Incisura jugularis</i>) am kranialen Rand des Manubriums.
+Good palpation through the skin is a notch (<i>Incisura jugularis</i>) at the cranial margin of the manubrium.
-Die Vertiefungen <i>Incisurae claviculares</i> (rechts und links) ermöglichen die Verbindung zum jeweiligen Schlüsselbein.
+The depressions <i>Incisurae claviculares</i> (right and left) allow the connection to the respective clavicle.
-Die flache Einkerbung (<i>Incisura costalis I</i>) darunter ist für die knorpelige Verbindung mit der ersten Rippe.<br>
+The flat notch (<i>Incisura costalis I</i>) below is for the cartilaginous connection with the first rib.
-Die weiteren Einkerbungen (<i>Incisura II-VII</i>) sind für die knorpelige Verbindung mit den Rippen 2-7.
+The other notches (<i>Incisura II-VII</i>) are for the cartilaginous connection with ribs 2-7.
-Am <i>Angulus sterni</i> ist der Handgriff gegen den Körper des Brustbeins leicht nach hinten abgeknickt.
+At <i>Angulus sterni</i> the manubrium is slightly bent backwards against the body of the sternum.
-Der Schwertfortsatz ist oft knorpelig und hat keine Verbindung zu einer Rippe.
+The sword process is often cartilaginous and has no connection to a rib.
 <br>
 <div style="text-align: center">
-<b> Die knöcherne Struktur des Brustkorbes zum freien Explorieren</b><br>
+<b> The bony structure of the thorax for free exploration</b><br>
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-''weiterführende Links''
+''Further links''
-'''[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben|Übungsaufgaben]]'''
+'''[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben|Exercises]]'''
-[[Special:MyLanguage/Rumpfwand|zurück zur Rumpfwand]]
+[[Special:MyLanguage/Rumpfwand|back to the trunk wall]]