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The shoulder girdle (lat. Cingulum membri thoracici) connects the free upper extremity with the [[Special:MyLanguage/Rumpf|trunk]]. The bony structure consists of the [[Special:MyLanguage/Schulterblatt|Shoulder blade]]. (scapula) and the [[Special:MyLanguage/Scapula|Clavicle]] (clavicula). The two bones are connected by the [[Special:MyLanguage/Acromioklavikulargelenk|Acromioclavicular joint]]. (Art. acromioclavicularis) are connected with each other. The collarbone has a direct connection to the trunk via the [[Special:MyLanguage/Sternoklavikulargenlenk|Sternoclavicular joint]]. (Art. sternoclavicularis). The shoulder blade on the other hand is embedded in muscle loops and has no direct connection to the trunk.
  
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==Clavicle==
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{{ArticleMenu_en|Links Übungsaufgaben=[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben: Obere Extremität|Upper extremity]][[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgabe: Schultergürtel|Shoulder girdle]]|
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Segmentereinbettung=<segmenter-embedding public wsemb-id="SchultergürtelFrau" file="SchultergürtelFrau.seg" height="300" width="400"/>|
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Links Benachbarte Strukturen=[[Special:MyLanguage/Schulterblatt|Shoulder blade]][[Special:MyLanguage/Schlüsselbein|Clavicle]]|
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Links Körperregionen=[[Special:MyLanguage/Knochen Obere Extremität|Bones upper extremity]][[Special:MyLanguage/Obere Extremität|Upper extremity]]|
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Links Organsystem=[[Special:MyLanguage/Knochen|Bones]][[Special:MyLanguage/Passiver Bewegungsapparat|Passive movement apparatus]][[Special:MyLanguage/Bewegungsapparat|Movement apparatus]]}}
  
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[[File:Clavicula.png|400px|right|Shoulder girdle: Cranial view of clavicle in the shoulder girdle]]
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==Anatomy==
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:SchultergürtelBeschriftet.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the shoulder girdle" width="400" height="300" style="width:300px; height:300px;float:left;margin:1px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;display: flex;justify-content: center;"/>
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:SchultergürtelDorsal.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Shoulder girdle (dorsal)"/> <lightbox-embedding src="file:SchultergürtelKranial.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Shoulder girdle (kranial)"/> <lightbox-embedding src="file:SchultergürtelEinzeln.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Shoulder girdle"/>
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Anatomy of the shoulder girdle</div>
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The clavicle is an "S"-shaped curved bone. It has a convexity medial to the front, which takes about 2/3 of the length. A concavity exists laterally to the front.
 
  
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There is the plump <i>Extremitas sternalis</i> facing the sternum and the flat <i>Extremitas acromialis</i> facing the scapula, with the <i>Corpus claviculae</i> in between. At the sternal end is an approximately three-sided articular surface, <i>Facies articularis sternalis</i>. The <i>Facies articularis acromialis</i> is approximately oval.
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The shoulder girdle has a bony structure in pairs and consists of the scapula and the clavicula on the right and left side of the body.
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The clavicle is an s-shaped curved [[Special:MyLanguage/Röhrenknochen|Tubular Bone]]. The shoulder blade, on the other hand, is formed by a flat triangular bone embedded in muscle loops.
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The shoulder girdle connects the free upper extremities (arms) with the trunk. The direct connection is through the sternoclavicular joint, also called medial clavicle joint. This is the point where clavicula and [[Special:MyLanguage/Brustbein|sternum]] meet and is the only bony connection between the upper extremities and the trunk. The scapula and clavicle articulate with each other via the acromioclavicular joint (lateral clavicle joint). The [[Special:MyLanguage/Humeroscapular joint|Humeroscapular joint (shoulder joint)]] connects the [[Special:MyLanguage/Humeroscapular joint|Humeroscapular joint (shoulder joint)]] with the shoulder girdle.
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=== Alignment of clavicle and scapula===
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<lightbox-embedding src="File:SchultergürtelWinkel.png" group="image-group-2" caption="Alignment of the shoulder girdle" width="400" height="300" style="width:300px; height:300px;float:left;margin:1px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;display: flex;justify-content: center;"/>
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Alignment of the shoulder girdle</div>
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On the undersurface of the clavicle there is the <i>tuberosity lig. costoclavicularis</i> near the <i>extremitas sternalis</i> . The <i>Sulcus m. subclavii</i> is found on the undersurface of the <i>Corpus claviculae</i>. Near the acromial end there is a hump on the lower surface, <i>Tuberculum conoideum</i>. The <i>Linea trapezoidea</i> is located in front and laterally of the tubercle.
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As a result of the evolutionary uprighting of the human being into an upright position, the shoulder blades have shifted dorsally to the almost frontal rear surface of the thorax. In a cranial view, the scapula and the frontal plane form an angle of 30°. Between the clavicle and the scapula there is a larger angle of about 60°. This causes the shoulder joints to tilt forward slightly.
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=== Shoulder girdle as zonoskeleton===
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<lightbox-embedding src="File:SchultergürtelImRumpfskelett.png" group="image-group-2" caption="Shoulder girdle into the torso skeleton" width="500" height="300" style="width:300px; height:300px;float:left;margin:1px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;display: flex;justify-content: center;"/>
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Shoulder girdle in the trunk</div>
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[[File:ClaviculaKranial.png|500px|left|Kraniale Ansicht des Schlüsselbeins]]
 
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[[File:ClaviculaKaudal.png|500px|Kaudale Ansicht des Schlüsselbeins]]
 
  
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The shoulder girdle, like the [[Special:MyLanguage/Beckengürtel|pelvic girdle]], belongs to the zonoskeleton. These are bone elements that are attached proximally to the trunk. Here this is fulfilled by the shoulder blade and the collarbone. The shoulder girdle thus represents a movable body appendage, which is formed by different sections.
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==Function==
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Zum Explorieren der Schlüsselbeine <!--[segmenter_snapshot schulter 6]-->''hier''<!--[/]--> klicken und den Web-Viewer starten.
 
  
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The shoulder girdle provides stability between the trunk and the upper free extremity. This is ensured less by bony connections than much more by the [[Special:MyLanguage/Schultergürtelmuskulatur|shoulder girdle musculature]]. This also ensures good movement of the shoulder. The clavicle and the scapula have only little movement to each other. However, the combination with the musculature and the [[Special:MyLanguage/Humeroskapulargelenk|shoulder joint]] allows a very large range of motion.
  
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==Movement==
  
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The scapula and clavicle are mechanically connected by the clavicle joints. Thus the shoulder blade moves with every movement of the clavicle. The scapula then glides over the thorax due to the scapula-thoracic joint. The scapula can make the following movements:
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*Swinging laterally
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*lifting and lowering
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*feed forward and backward
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The sternoclavicular joint raises and lowers the shoulder around an almost sagittal axis. The forward and backward movement around a longitudinal axis is also caused by the medial clavicular joint. From a lateral viewpoint, the clavicle in the steroclavicular joint moves approximately on a conical mantle.
  
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==Schulterblatt (Scapula)==
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==Diseases==  
  
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Das Schulterblatt, Scapula, ist ein flacher dreiseitiger Knochen, dessen Ränder, <i>Margo medialis</i> (1), <i>Margo lateralis</i> (2) und <i>Margo superior</i> (3), durch Winkel, <i>Angulus superior</i> (4), <i>Angulus inferior</i> (5) und den abgeschrägten <i>Angulus lateralis</i> (6), voneinander getrennt sind.<br> 
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*[[Special:MyLanguage/Dysostosis_cleidocranialis|Dysostosis cleidocranialis]]
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Die vordere Fläche, die <i>Facies costalis</i>, ist flach und leicht ausgehöhlt (<i>Fossa subscapularis</i>). An ihr sind manchmal gut ausgebildete <i>Lineae musculares</i> zu sehen. Die <i>Facies posterior</i> wird durch die Schultergräte, <i>Spina scapulae</i> (7), in eine kleinere <i>Fossa supraspinata</i> (8) und eine größere <i>Fossa infraspinata</i> (9) unterteilt. Die <i>Spina scapulae</i> beginnt mit einem dreieckigen Feld (<i>Trigonum spinae</i>) an der medialen Seite, nimmt nach lateral an Höhe zu und endet mit einem plattgedrückten Fortsatz, der Schulterhöhe, <i>Acromion</i> (10).
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*[[Special:MyLanguage/Incisura-Scapulae-Syndrom|Incisura-Scapulae-Syndrom]]
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*[[Special:MyLanguage/Claviculafrakturen|Fractures of the clavicle]]
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*[[Special:MyLanguage/Scapulafrakturen|Fractures of the scapula]]
  
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Nahe dem lateralen Ende liegt eine ovale Gelenkfläche zur Verbindung mit dem Schlüsselbein, die <i>Facies articularis clavicularis</i>.
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==Free exploration==
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<div style="float:right;margin:1em;"><segmenter width="500px" border="1">https://dornheim.cloud/index.php/apps/segmenter/embedding/view?identifier=b7GTgSO6dYaQ</segmenter></div>
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<div style="float:left;margin-right:1em;"><segmenter-embedding public wsemb-id="SchultergürtelFrau" file="SchultergürtelFrau.seg" height="300" width="400"/></div>
  
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<!--[segmenter_snapshot schulter 7]--> [[File:Scapula.png|620px|right|Scapula mit Beschriftungen]]<!--[/]--> 
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<div style="float:left;width:50%">Look at the structure of the shoulder girdle in 3D and explore it freely. Afterwards you can test your acquired knowledge by the exercises.</div>
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Der <i>Angulus acromii</i> ist ein leicht tastbarer Knochenpunkt, der jene Stelle markiert, an dem der laterale Rand des <i>Acromion</i> in die <i>Spina scapulae</i> übergeht. 
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Am <i>Angulus lateralis</i> liegt die Gelenkpfanne, die <i>Cavitas glenoidalis</i> (11). An deren Oberrand zeigt sich ein kleines Höckerchen, das <i>Tuberculum supraglenoidale</i> (12). Unterhalb der Cavitas findet sich das <i>Tuberculum infraglenoidale</i> (13). Anschließend an die <i>Cavitas glenoidalis</i> liegt der Hals der <i>Scapula</i>, <i>Collum scapulae</i>. 
 
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Über der <i>Cavitas glenoidalis</i> erhebt sich der Rabenschnabelfortsatz, <i>Processus coracoideus</i> (14). Er biegt rechtwinkelig nach lateroventral um und endet abgeplattet. Gemeinsam mit dem <i>Acromion</i> bildet er einen Schutz für das darunter liegende Gelenk. Medial von der Basis des <i>Processus coracoideus</i> findet sich im <i>Margo superior</i> ein Einschnitt, <i>Incisura scapulae</i> (15). 
 
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Die knöcherne Gelenkpfanne <i>Cavitas glenoidalis</i> (11) der <i>Articulatio humeri</i>, eines Kugelgelenkes, ist wesentlich kleiner als der Humeruskopf.
 
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Die Pfanne wird durch eine faserknorpelige Gelenklippe, <i>Labrum glenoidale</i>, vergrößert. Die Oberfläche der <i>Cavitas glenoidalis</i> beträgt ca. 6qcm.
 
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Das Gewicht der oberen Extremität beträgt etwa 4 kg. Da keine stärkeren Bänder vorhanden sind, müssen die Muskeln, die das Gelenk umhüllen, dieses sichern. Man spricht daher von einem muskelgesicherten Gelenk. Die sogenannte "Rotatorenmanschette" ist Teil dieser muskulären Sicherung und verstärkt im besonderen die Gelenkkapsel. 
 
  
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Das <i>Caput humeri</i> ist annähernd kugelförmig. Die synoviale Gelenkkapsel ist am <i>Labrum glenoidale</i> der Scapula befestigt. 
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Bewegungen in drei Freiheitsgraden sind möglich. Man spricht von Abduktion und Adduktion, wobei man von der Ruhestellung des <i>Caput humeri</i> in der Skapularebene ausgeht. Man kennt die Anteversion, das nach vorne Heben des Armes und ihre Gegenbewegung, die Retroversion. Durch eine rotatorische Komponente ergibt sich unter Mitwirkung der vorher genannten Bewegungen eine zusammengesetzte Bewegung, die Zirkumduktion oder das Kreisen, wobei der Arm praktisch einen Kegelmantel beschreibt. 
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<div style="center"><li class="mw-ui-button button_new" >[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben|Exercises]]</li></div>
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Bei den Abduktionsbewegungen kommt es immer zu einer Mitbewegung der Scapula; eine exzessive Mitbewegung der Scapula tritt bei einer Abduktion über 90 Grad ein (Elevation).
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<div style="center"><li class="button_article" ><b>Further article</b></li></div>
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</div>
  
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<div class="menu_item">
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<li class="mw-ui-button button_normal">[[Special:MyLanguage/Beckengürtel|Pelvic girdle]]</li>
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</div>
  
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<div class="menu_item">
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<li class="mw-ui-button button_normal">[[Special:MyLanguage/Humerus|Upper arm bone]]</li>
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</div>
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''weiterführende Links''
 
  
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'''[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben|Übungsaufgaben]]'''
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[[Category:Bones Upper Extremity]]
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[[Category:Upper Extremity]]
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[[Category:Body regions]]
  
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[[Special:MyLanguage/Rumpfwand|zurück zur Rumpfwand]]
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<languages/>

Aktuelle Version vom 15. Februar 2022, 08:45 Uhr

The shoulder girdle (lat. Cingulum membri thoracici) connects the free upper extremity with the trunk. The bony structure consists of the Shoulder blade. (scapula) and the Clavicle (clavicula). The two bones are connected by the Acromioclavicular joint. (Art. acromioclavicularis) are connected with each other. The collarbone has a direct connection to the trunk via the Sternoclavicular joint. (Art. sternoclavicularis). The shoulder blade on the other hand is embedded in muscle loops and has no direct connection to the trunk.

Exercises
Exercises

Upper extremityShoulder girdle

Neighboring structures
Neighboring structures

Shoulder bladeClavicle

Body regions
Body regions

Bones upper extremityUpper extremity

Organ system
Organ system

BonesPassive movement apparatusMovement apparatus

Anatomy

Anatomy of the shoulder girdle


The shoulder girdle has a bony structure in pairs and consists of the scapula and the clavicula on the right and left side of the body. The clavicle is an s-shaped curved Tubular Bone. The shoulder blade, on the other hand, is formed by a flat triangular bone embedded in muscle loops. The shoulder girdle connects the free upper extremities (arms) with the trunk. The direct connection is through the sternoclavicular joint, also called medial clavicle joint. This is the point where clavicula and sternum meet and is the only bony connection between the upper extremities and the trunk. The scapula and clavicle articulate with each other via the acromioclavicular joint (lateral clavicle joint). The Humeroscapular joint (shoulder joint) connects the Humeroscapular joint (shoulder joint) with the shoulder girdle.

Alignment of clavicle and scapula

Alignment of the shoulder girdle

As a result of the evolutionary uprighting of the human being into an upright position, the shoulder blades have shifted dorsally to the almost frontal rear surface of the thorax. In a cranial view, the scapula and the frontal plane form an angle of 30°. Between the clavicle and the scapula there is a larger angle of about 60°. This causes the shoulder joints to tilt forward slightly.

Shoulder girdle as zonoskeleton

Shoulder girdle in the trunk


The shoulder girdle, like the pelvic girdle, belongs to the zonoskeleton. These are bone elements that are attached proximally to the trunk. Here this is fulfilled by the shoulder blade and the collarbone. The shoulder girdle thus represents a movable body appendage, which is formed by different sections.

Function

The shoulder girdle provides stability between the trunk and the upper free extremity. This is ensured less by bony connections than much more by the shoulder girdle musculature. This also ensures good movement of the shoulder. The clavicle and the scapula have only little movement to each other. However, the combination with the musculature and the shoulder joint allows a very large range of motion.

Movement

The scapula and clavicle are mechanically connected by the clavicle joints. Thus the shoulder blade moves with every movement of the clavicle. The scapula then glides over the thorax due to the scapula-thoracic joint. The scapula can make the following movements:

  • Swinging laterally
  • lifting and lowering
  • feed forward and backward

The sternoclavicular joint raises and lowers the shoulder around an almost sagittal axis. The forward and backward movement around a longitudinal axis is also caused by the medial clavicular joint. From a lateral viewpoint, the clavicle in the steroclavicular joint moves approximately on a conical mantle.

Diseases

Free exploration

Look at the structure of the shoulder girdle in 3D and explore it freely. Afterwards you can test your acquired knowledge by the exercises.
  • Further article
  • Pelvic girdle
  • Upper arm bone
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