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The shoulder girdle (lat. Cingulum membri thoracici) connects the free upper extremity with the [[Special:MyLanguage/Rumpf|trunk]]. The bony structure consists of the [[Special:MyLanguage/Schulterblatt|Shoulder blade]]. (scapula) and the [[Special:MyLanguage/Scapula|Clavicle]] (clavicula). The two bones are connected by the [[Special:MyLanguage/Acromioklavikulargelenk|Acromioclavicular joint]]. (Art. acromioclavicularis) are connected with each other. The collarbone has a direct connection to the trunk via the [[Special:MyLanguage/Sternoklavikulargenlenk|Sternoclavicular joint]]. (Art. sternoclavicularis). The shoulder blade on the other hand is embedded in muscle loops and has no direct connection to the trunk.
  
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==Clavicle==
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{{ArticleMenu_en|Links Übungsaufgaben=[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben: Obere Extremität|Upper extremity]][[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgabe: Schultergürtel|Shoulder girdle]]|
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Segmentereinbettung=<segmenter-embedding public wsemb-id="SchultergürtelFrau" file="SchultergürtelFrau.seg" height="300" width="400"/>|
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Links Benachbarte Strukturen=[[Special:MyLanguage/Schulterblatt|Shoulder blade]][[Special:MyLanguage/Schlüsselbein|Clavicle]]|
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Links Körperregionen=[[Special:MyLanguage/Knochen Obere Extremität|Bones upper extremity]][[Special:MyLanguage/Obere Extremität|Upper extremity]]|
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Links Organsystem=[[Special:MyLanguage/Knochen|Bones]][[Special:MyLanguage/Passiver Bewegungsapparat|Passive movement apparatus]][[Special:MyLanguage/Bewegungsapparat|Movement apparatus]]}}
  
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[[File:Clavicula.png|400px|right|Shoulder girdle: Cranial view of clavicle in the shoulder girdle]]
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==Anatomy==
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:SchultergürtelBeschriftet.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the shoulder girdle" width="400" height="300" style="width:300px; height:300px;float:left;margin:1px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;display: flex;justify-content: center;"/>
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:SchultergürtelDorsal.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Shoulder girdle (dorsal)"/> <lightbox-embedding src="file:SchultergürtelKranial.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Shoulder girdle (kranial)"/> <lightbox-embedding src="file:SchultergürtelEinzeln.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Shoulder girdle"/>
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Anatomy of the shoulder girdle</div>
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The clavicle is an "S"-shaped curved bone. It has a convexity medial to the front, which takes about 2/3 of the length. A concavity exists laterally to the front.
 
  
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There is the plump <i>Extremitas sternalis</i> facing the sternum and the flat <i>Extremitas acromialis</i> facing the scapula, with the <i>Corpus claviculae</i> in between. At the sternal end is an approximately three-sided articular surface, <i>Facies articularis sternalis</i>. The <i>Facies articularis acromialis</i> is approximately oval.
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The shoulder girdle has a bony structure in pairs and consists of the scapula and the clavicula on the right and left side of the body.
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The clavicle is an s-shaped curved [[Special:MyLanguage/Röhrenknochen|Tubular Bone]]. The shoulder blade, on the other hand, is formed by a flat triangular bone embedded in muscle loops.
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The shoulder girdle connects the free upper extremities (arms) with the trunk. The direct connection is through the sternoclavicular joint, also called medial clavicle joint. This is the point where clavicula and [[Special:MyLanguage/Brustbein|sternum]] meet and is the only bony connection between the upper extremities and the trunk. The scapula and clavicle articulate with each other via the acromioclavicular joint (lateral clavicle joint). The [[Special:MyLanguage/Humeroscapular joint|Humeroscapular joint (shoulder joint)]] connects the [[Special:MyLanguage/Humeroscapular joint|Humeroscapular joint (shoulder joint)]] with the shoulder girdle.
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=== Alignment of clavicle and scapula===
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<lightbox-embedding src="File:SchultergürtelWinkel.png" group="image-group-2" caption="Alignment of the shoulder girdle" width="400" height="300" style="width:300px; height:300px;float:left;margin:1px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;display: flex;justify-content: center;"/>
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Alignment of the shoulder girdle</div>
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On the undersurface of the clavicle there is the <i>tuberosity lig. costoclavicularis</i> near the <i>extremitas sternalis</i> . The <i>Sulcus m. subclavii</i> is found on the undersurface of the <i>Corpus claviculae</i>. Near the acromial end there is a hump on the lower surface, <i>Tuberculum conoideum</i>. The <i>Linea trapezoidea</i> is located in front and laterally of the tubercle.
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As a result of the evolutionary uprighting of the human being into an upright position, the shoulder blades have shifted dorsally to the almost frontal rear surface of the thorax. In a cranial view, the scapula and the frontal plane form an angle of 30°. Between the clavicle and the scapula there is a larger angle of about 60°. This causes the shoulder joints to tilt forward slightly.
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=== Shoulder girdle as zonoskeleton===
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<lightbox-embedding src="File:SchultergürtelImRumpfskelett.png" group="image-group-2" caption="Shoulder girdle into the torso skeleton" width="500" height="300" style="width:300px; height:300px;float:left;margin:1px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;display: flex;justify-content: center;"/>
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Shoulder girdle in the trunk</div>
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[[File:ClaviculaKranial.png|500px|left|Shoulder girdle: Cranial view of clavicle]]
 
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[[File:ClaviculaKaudal.png|500px|Shoulder girdle: Caudal view of clavicle]]
 
  
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The shoulder girdle, like the [[Special:MyLanguage/Beckengürtel|pelvic girdle]], belongs to the zonoskeleton. These are bone elements that are attached proximally to the trunk. Here this is fulfilled by the shoulder blade and the collarbone. The shoulder girdle thus represents a movable body appendage, which is formed by different sections.
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==Function==
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To explore the clavicles <!--[segmenter_snapshot schulter 6]-->''click here''<!--[/]--> and start the web viewer.
 
  
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The shoulder girdle provides stability between the trunk and the upper free extremity. This is ensured less by bony connections than much more by the [[Special:MyLanguage/Schultergürtelmuskulatur|shoulder girdle musculature]]. This also ensures good movement of the shoulder. The clavicle and the scapula have only little movement to each other. However, the combination with the musculature and the [[Special:MyLanguage/Humeroskapulargelenk|shoulder joint]] allows a very large range of motion.
  
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==Movement==
  
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The scapula and clavicle are mechanically connected by the clavicle joints. Thus the shoulder blade moves with every movement of the clavicle. The scapula then glides over the thorax due to the scapula-thoracic joint. The scapula can make the following movements:
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*Swinging laterally
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*lifting and lowering
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*feed forward and backward
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The sternoclavicular joint raises and lowers the shoulder around an almost sagittal axis. The forward and backward movement around a longitudinal axis is also caused by the medial clavicular joint. From a lateral viewpoint, the clavicle in the steroclavicular joint moves approximately on a conical mantle.
  
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==Shoulder blade (Scapula)==
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==Diseases==  
  
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The shoulder blade, scapula, is a flat three-sided bone whose margins, <i>margo medialis</i> (1), <i>margo lateralis</i> (2) and <i>margo superior</i> (3), are separated by angles, <i>Angulus superior</i> (4), <i>Angulus inferior</i> (5) and the bevelled <i>Angulus lateralis</i> (6).<br> 
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*[[Special:MyLanguage/Dysostosis_cleidocranialis|Dysostosis cleidocranialis]]
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The anterior surface, the <i>Facies costalis</i>, is flat and slightly hollowed (<i>Fossa subscapularis</i>). It sometimes shows well-formed <i>line musculares</i>. The <i>facies posterior</i> is divided by the shoulder bones, <i>spina scapulae</i> (7), into a smaller <i>fossa supraspinata</i> (8) and a larger <i>fossa infraspinata</i> (9). The <i>spina scapulae</i> begins with a triangular field (<i>trigonum spinae</i>) on the medial side, increases laterally in height and ends with a flattened extension, the shoulder height, <i>acromion</i> (10).
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*[[Special:MyLanguage/Incisura-Scapulae-Syndrom|Incisura-Scapulae-Syndrom]]
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*[[Special:MyLanguage/Claviculafrakturen|Fractures of the clavicle]]
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*[[Special:MyLanguage/Scapulafrakturen|Fractures of the scapula]]
  
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Close to the lateral end is an oval articular surface for connection to the clavicle, the <i>Facies articularis clavicularis</i>.
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==Free exploration==
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<div style="float:right;margin:1em;"><segmenter width="500px" border="1">https://dornheim.cloud/index.php/apps/segmenter/embedding/view?identifier=b7GTgSO6dYaQ</segmenter></div>
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<div style="float:left;margin-right:1em;"><segmenter-embedding public wsemb-id="SchultergürtelFrau" file="SchultergürtelFrau.seg" height="300" width="400"/></div>
  
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<!--[segmenter_snapshot schulter 7]--> [[File:Scapula.png|620px|right|Scapula with annotations]]<!--[/]--> 
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<div style="float:left;width:50%">Look at the structure of the shoulder girdle in 3D and explore it freely. Afterwards you can test your acquired knowledge by the exercises.</div>
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The <i>Angulus acromii</i> is an easily palpable bone point that marks the point where the lateral margin of the <i>Acromion</i> merges into the <i>Spina scapulae</i>. 
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The acetabulum, <i>Cavitas glenoidalis</i> (11), is located at <i>Angulus lateralis</i> . At their upper margin a small hump is visible, the <i>Tuberculum supraglenoidale</i> (12). Below the cavitas is the <i>Tuberculum infraglenoidale</i> (13). After <i>Cavitas glenoidalis</i> the neck of <i>Scapula</i>, <i>Collum scapulae</i> is located. 
 
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Above the <i>cavitas glenoidalis</i> rises the raven beak process, <i>processus coracoideus</i> (14). It bends at right angles to lateroventral and ends flattened. Together with the <i>acromion</i> it protects the underlying joint. Medially from the base of the <i>processus coracoideus</i> there is an incision in the <i>margo superior</i>, <i>incisura scapulae</i> (15).
 
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The bony socket <i>Cavitas glenoidalis</i> (11) of the <i>Articulatio humeri</i>, a ball joint, is significantly smaller than the head of the humerus.
 
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The socket is enlarged by a fibrous cartilaginous joint lip, <i>Labrum glenoidale</i>. The surface of the <i>Cavitas glenoidalis</i> is approx. 6 sqcm.
 
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The weight of the upper extremity is about 4 kg. Since there are no stronger ligaments, the muscles surrounding the joint must secure it. This is why we speak of a muscle-secured joint. The so-called "rotator cuff" is part of this muscular securing and especially strengthens the joint capsule. 
 
  
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The <i>caput humeri</i> is approximately spherical. The synovial joint capsule is attached to the <i>Labrum glenoidale</i> of the scapula. 
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Movements in three degrees of freedom are possible. One speaks of abduction and adduction, whereby one assumes the resting position of the <i>caput humeri</i> in the scapular plane. There is the anteversion, the lifting of the arm forward and its counter-movement, the retroversion. By a rotatory component a compound movement, the circumduction or the circling results with the participation of the aforementioned movements, whereby the arm practically describes a cone mantle. 
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<div style="center"><li class="mw-ui-button button_new" >[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben|Exercises]]</li></div>
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Bei den Abduktionsbewegungen kommt es immer zu einer Mitbewegung der Scapula; eine exzessive Mitbewegung der Scapula tritt bei einer Abduktion über 90 Grad ein (Elevation).
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<div style="center"><li class="button_article" ><b>Further article</b></li></div>
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<li class="mw-ui-button button_normal">[[Special:MyLanguage/Beckengürtel|Pelvic girdle]]</li>
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<li class="mw-ui-button button_normal">[[Special:MyLanguage/Humerus|Upper arm bone]]</li>
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''weiterführende Links''
 
  
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'''[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben|Übungsaufgaben]]'''
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[[Category:Bones Upper Extremity]]
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[[Category:Upper Extremity]]
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[[Category:Body regions]]
  
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[[Special:MyLanguage/Rumpfwand|zurück zur Rumpfwand]]
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<languages/>

Aktuelle Version vom 15. Februar 2022, 08:45 Uhr

The shoulder girdle (lat. Cingulum membri thoracici) connects the free upper extremity with the trunk. The bony structure consists of the Shoulder blade. (scapula) and the Clavicle (clavicula). The two bones are connected by the Acromioclavicular joint. (Art. acromioclavicularis) are connected with each other. The collarbone has a direct connection to the trunk via the Sternoclavicular joint. (Art. sternoclavicularis). The shoulder blade on the other hand is embedded in muscle loops and has no direct connection to the trunk.

Exercises
Exercises

Upper extremityShoulder girdle

Neighboring structures
Neighboring structures

Shoulder bladeClavicle

Body regions
Body regions

Bones upper extremityUpper extremity

Organ system
Organ system

BonesPassive movement apparatusMovement apparatus

Anatomy

Anatomy of the shoulder girdle


The shoulder girdle has a bony structure in pairs and consists of the scapula and the clavicula on the right and left side of the body. The clavicle is an s-shaped curved Tubular Bone. The shoulder blade, on the other hand, is formed by a flat triangular bone embedded in muscle loops. The shoulder girdle connects the free upper extremities (arms) with the trunk. The direct connection is through the sternoclavicular joint, also called medial clavicle joint. This is the point where clavicula and sternum meet and is the only bony connection between the upper extremities and the trunk. The scapula and clavicle articulate with each other via the acromioclavicular joint (lateral clavicle joint). The Humeroscapular joint (shoulder joint) connects the Humeroscapular joint (shoulder joint) with the shoulder girdle.

Alignment of clavicle and scapula

Alignment of the shoulder girdle

As a result of the evolutionary uprighting of the human being into an upright position, the shoulder blades have shifted dorsally to the almost frontal rear surface of the thorax. In a cranial view, the scapula and the frontal plane form an angle of 30°. Between the clavicle and the scapula there is a larger angle of about 60°. This causes the shoulder joints to tilt forward slightly.

Shoulder girdle as zonoskeleton

Shoulder girdle in the trunk


The shoulder girdle, like the pelvic girdle, belongs to the zonoskeleton. These are bone elements that are attached proximally to the trunk. Here this is fulfilled by the shoulder blade and the collarbone. The shoulder girdle thus represents a movable body appendage, which is formed by different sections.

Function

The shoulder girdle provides stability between the trunk and the upper free extremity. This is ensured less by bony connections than much more by the shoulder girdle musculature. This also ensures good movement of the shoulder. The clavicle and the scapula have only little movement to each other. However, the combination with the musculature and the shoulder joint allows a very large range of motion.

Movement

The scapula and clavicle are mechanically connected by the clavicle joints. Thus the shoulder blade moves with every movement of the clavicle. The scapula then glides over the thorax due to the scapula-thoracic joint. The scapula can make the following movements:

  • Swinging laterally
  • lifting and lowering
  • feed forward and backward

The sternoclavicular joint raises and lowers the shoulder around an almost sagittal axis. The forward and backward movement around a longitudinal axis is also caused by the medial clavicular joint. From a lateral viewpoint, the clavicle in the steroclavicular joint moves approximately on a conical mantle.

Diseases

Free exploration

Look at the structure of the shoulder girdle in 3D and explore it freely. Afterwards you can test your acquired knowledge by the exercises.
  • Further article
  • Pelvic girdle
  • Upper arm bone
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