Rippenwirbelgelenke und Thoraxbewegungen/en: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

Aktuelle Version vom 3. Januar 2020, 08:37 Uhr

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Inhaltsverzeichnis

1 Rib vertebra joints
- 1.1 Movement axes of the rib vertebral joints
- 1.2 Vertebral arch joints (Articulatio zygapophysialis)
2 Thoracic movements

Rib vertebra joints

Movement axes of the rib vertebral joints

Range of movement for a caudal rib

Range of movement for a cranial rib

Rib vertebra joints: Cranial rib movement area

The movement axes of the cranial ribs are frontal and those of the caudal rib are more sagittal to the rib neck (collum costae). A rib movement in the upper part of the thorax thus increases the sagittal diameter and in the lower part the transverse diameter.

Vertebral arch joints (Articulatio zygapophysialis)

The connection between the individual vertebral arches is known as the vertebral arch joint. They are real joints and form a functional unit with the intervertebral discs (Disci intervertebrales) and the spinal ligaments. In addition, they determine the directions of movement, which are inclined to different degrees against the horizontal and vertical, depending on the spinal column section. The movement is always parallel to the joint surfaces. At the edges of the joint surfaces the joint capsules originate, which are often grown together with the Lig. flavum. The joint capsules are differently formed, so they are rather wide and flaccid in the area of the cervical spine, but noticeably narrower in the thoracic and lumbar segments.

Position of the joint surfaces of the vertebral arch joints in the different sections of the spine:

| cervical spine | thoracic spine | lumbar spine |

<segmenter border="1">https://dornheim.cloud/index.php/apps/segmenter/embedding/view?identifier=tZTT13bM4q5Q</segmenter>

Thoracic movements

Thoracic movement is the movement of the thorax during breathing (ventilation). There are two types of breathing: Abdominal or rib breathing.
The abdominal respiration is the energetically more favorable respiration due to the less expended muscle strength. This is why abdominal breathing is used almost exclusively for breathing at rest.

During physical exertion, the respiratory auxiliary muscles are used in addition to the two types of breathing. The respiratory auxiliary muscles include thoracic, neck, abdominal and shoulder girdle muscles.
An optimal effect is achieved by fixing the shoulder girdle.

With increasing age and thus decreasing elasticity of the thorax due to the mineralization of the cartilage, abdominal breathing becomes more important than rib breathing.

In general, the prerequisite for breathing is a change in the volume of the thorax. The diameter of the thorax is increased or decreased in both the sagittal and frontal directions.

For inhalation (inspiration), the thoracic volume is increased. This is possible by contraction of the diaphragm (costodiaphragmal breathing or abdominal breathing) and lifting of the ribs (sternocostal breathing or rib breathing) under the influence of the intercostal muscles. The ribs are very mobile via the cartilage. To increase the diameter of the thorax, the ribs rotate outwards around their longitudinal axis. Due to the larger volume, the lung can now expand by following the movements of the thorax. The capillary forces in the pleural gap make this possible. The air flows into the respiratory tract and compensates for the resulting negative pressure.

During exhalation (expiration) the thoracic volume is reduced. This is achieved by relaxing the diaphragm and lowering the ribs. The lung contracts due to its own elasticity and can squeeze the air out of the respiratory tract due to the resulting overpressure.

Further links

Exercises

back to the trunk wall

@@ Zeile 16: / Zeile 16: @@
 The '''movement axes''' of the cranial ribs are frontal and those of the caudal rib are more sagittal to the rib neck (<i>collum costae</i>). A rib movement in the upper part of the thorax thus increases the sagittal diameter and in the lower part the transverse diameter.
-[[File:Bewegungsachsen.png|560px|Zusammenhang der Bewegungsachsen und Ausbreitung des Durchmessers vom Brustkorb]]
+[[File:Bewegungsachsen.png|560px|Rib vertebra joints: Relationship between the axes of movement and the propagation of the diameter of the thorax]]
 <br>
@@ Zeile 23: / Zeile 23: @@
-===Wirbelbogengelenke (<i>Articulatio zygapophysialis</i>)===
+===Vertebral arch joints (<i>Articulatio zygapophysialis</i>)===
 <br>
-Als Wirbelbogengelenke bezeichnet man die Verbindung zwischen den einzelnen Wirbelbögen. Sie sind echte Gelenke und bilden mit den Bandscheiben (<i>Disci intervertebrales</i>) und der Wirbelsäulenbändern eine funktionelle Einheit. Es handelt sich um echte Gelenke. Außerdem bestimmen sie  die Bewegungsrichtungen, die je nach Wirbelsäulenabschnitt, in unterschiedlichem Umfang gegen die Horizontale und Vertikale geneigt sind. Die Bewegung erfolgt dabei immer parallel zu den Gelenkflächen.<br>
+The connection between the individual vertebral arches is known as the vertebral arch joint. They are real joints and form a functional unit with the intervertebral discs (<i>Disci intervertebrales</i>) and the spinal ligaments. In addition, they determine the directions of movement, which are inclined to different degrees against the horizontal and vertical, depending on the spinal column section. The movement is always parallel to the joint surfaces.
-An den Rändern der Gelenkflächen entstammen die '''Gelenkkapseln''', welche häufig mit dem <i>Lig. flavum</i> verwachsen sind.
+At the edges of the joint surfaces the '''joint capsules''' originate, which are often grown together with the <i>Lig. flavum</i>.
-Die Gelenkkapseln sind unterschiedlich ausgeprägt, so sind sie im Bereich der Halswirbelsäule eher weit und schlaff, dafür im Brust- und Lendenabschnitt auffallend enger.
+The joint capsules are differently formed, so they are rather wide and flaccid in the area of the cervical spine, but noticeably narrower in the thoracic and lumbar segments.
 <div style="text-align: center">
-<b> Stellung der Gelenkflächen der Wirbelbogengelenke in den unterschiedlichen Abschnitten der Wirbelsäule:</b>
+<b>Position of the joint surfaces of the vertebral arch joints in the different sections of the spine:</b>
-| <!--[segmenter_snapshot wirbelbogen 2]-->Halswirbelsäule<!--[/]-->  | <!--[segmenter_snapshot wirbelbogen 0]-->Brustwirbelsäule<!--[/]-->  | <!--[segmenter_snapshot wirbelbogen 1]-->Lendenwirbelsäule<!--[/]--> |
+| <!--[segmenter_snapshot wirbelbogen 2]-->cervical spine<!--[/]-->  | <!--[segmenter_snapshot wirbelbogen 0]-->thoracic spine<!--[/]-->  | <!--[segmenter_snapshot wirbelbogen 1]-->lumbar spine<!--[/]--> |
 <br>
 <br>
@@ Zeile 44: / Zeile 44: @@
-==Thoraxbewegungen==
+==Thoracic movements==
-Unter der Thoraxbewegung versteht man die Bewegungen des Brustkorbs während der Atmung(Ventilation). Es werden zwei Arten der Atmung unterschieden: Bauch- oder Rippenatmung.<br>
+Thoracic movement is the movement of the thorax during breathing (ventilation). There are two types of breathing: Abdominal or rib breathing.<br>
-Die Bauchatmung ist aufgrund der weniger aufgewendeten Muskelkraft die energetisch günstigere Atmung. Daher wird in Ruhe fast ausschließlich die Bauchatmung für die Atmung verwendet.
+The abdominal respiration is the energetically more favorable respiration due to the less expended muscle strength. This is why abdominal breathing is used almost exclusively for breathing at rest.
-Bei körperlicher Anstrengung wird zusätzlich zu den beiden Atmungstypen die Atemhilfsmuskulatur genutzt. Zur Atemhilfsmuskulatur gehören u.a Brust-, Hals-, Bauch- und Schultergürtelmuskulatur.<br>
+During physical exertion, the respiratory auxiliary muscles are used in addition to the two types of breathing. The respiratory auxiliary muscles include thoracic, neck, abdominal and shoulder girdle muscles.<br>
-Durch die Fixierung des Schultergürtels wird eine optimale Wirkung erreicht.
+An optimal effect is achieved by fixing the shoulder girdle.
-Mit zunehmendem Alter und damit abnehmender Elastizität des Brustkorbs aufgrund der Mineralisierung der Knorpel gewinnt die Bauchatmung gegenüber der Rippenatmung an Bedeutung.
+With increasing age and thus decreasing elasticity of the thorax due to the mineralization of the cartilage, abdominal breathing becomes more important than rib breathing.
-Generell ist die Voraussetzung für die Atmung eine Volumenänderungen des Brustkorbs. Dabei wird der Durchmesser des Thorax sowohl in sagittaler als auch in frontaler Richtung vergrößert bzw. verkleinert.
+In general, the prerequisite for breathing is a change in the volume of the thorax. The diameter of the thorax is increased or decreased in both the sagittal and frontal directions.
-Für die Einatmung (Inspiration) erfolgt eine Vergrößerung des Thoraxvolumens. Dies ist möglich durch die Kontraktion des Zwerchfells (kostodiaphragmale Atmung bzw. Bauchatmung) und das Anheben der Rippen (sternokostale Atmung bzw. Rippenatmung) unter Einfluss der Interkostalmuskulatur. Die Rippen sind über die Knorpel sehr beweglich. Für die Vergrößerung des Thoraxdurchmessers rotieren die Rippen um ihre Längsachse nach außen. Aufgrund des größeren Volumens kann die Lunge sich nun ausdehnen indem sie der Thoraxbewegungen folgt. Die Kapillarkräfte im Pleuraspalt ermöglichen dies. Die Luft strömt in die Atemwege und gleicht so den entstehenden Unterdruck aus.
+For inhalation (inspiration), the thoracic volume is increased. This is possible by contraction of the diaphragm (costodiaphragmal breathing or abdominal breathing) and lifting of the ribs (sternocostal breathing or rib breathing) under the influence of the intercostal muscles. The ribs are very mobile via the cartilage. To increase the diameter of the thorax, the ribs rotate outwards around their longitudinal axis. Due to the larger volume, the lung can now expand by following the movements of the thorax. The capillary forces in the pleural gap make this possible. The air flows into the respiratory tract and compensates for the resulting negative pressure.
-Bei der Ausatmung (Expiration) wird das Thoraxvolumen verkleinert. Dies wird durch die Relaxation des Zwerchfells sowie der Senkung der Rippen erzielt. Die Lunge zieht sich aufgrund ihrer Eigenelastizität zusammen und kann durch den entstandenen Überdruck die Luft aus den Atemwegen pressen.
+During exhalation (expiration) the thoracic volume is reduced. This is achieved by relaxing the diaphragm and lowering the ribs. The lung contracts due to its own elasticity and can squeeze the air out of the respiratory tract due to the resulting overpressure.
 ----
-''weiterführende Links''
+''Further links''
-'''[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben|Übungsaufgaben]]'''
+'''[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben|Exercises]]'''
-[[Special:MyLanguage/Rumpfwand|zurück zur Rumpfwand]]
+[[Special:MyLanguage/Rumpfwand|back to the trunk wall]]