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The upper arm bone (lat. Humerus) is a strong, straight and long tubular bone. It is the largest bone in the human arm. It forms the connection between shoulder and elbow. In general, the humerus is divided into the proximal end piece, the humeral shaft and the distal end piece.
 
The upper arm bone (lat. Humerus) is a strong, straight and long tubular bone. It is the largest bone in the human arm. It forms the connection between shoulder and elbow. In general, the humerus is divided into the proximal end piece, the humeral shaft and the distal end piece.
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben: Obere Extremität|Upper Extremity]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgabe: Oberarmknochen|Humerus]]</div>
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<ul>'''Subsequent structures'''<li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Schultergürtel|Shoulder girdle]]</li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Schulterblatt|Shoulder blade]]</li></li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Schlüsselbein|Clavicle]]</li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Unterarmknochen|Forearm bone]]</li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Elle|Ulna]]</li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Speiche|Radius]]</li></ul></div>
 
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<ul>'''Superordinate structures'''<li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Knochen Obere Extremität|Bones upper extremity]]</li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Obere Extremität|Upper extremity]]</li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Körperregionen|Body regions]]</li></ul></div>
 
  
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<div class="segmenter"><segmenter-embedding public wsemb-id="HumerusFrau" file="HumerusFrau.seg" height="300" width="400"/></div>
==Anatomy==
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<div class="floatright" style="margin:0.4em;">[[File:PfeilDropdown.png|20px|link=|Neighbouring structures]]</div>
<lightbox-embedding src="file:Humerus.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Upper arm bone" width="400" height="300" style="width:300px;float:right;margin:1px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;"/>
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<div class="dropbtnart">Neighbouring structures</div>
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:OberarmknochenDorsal.png" group="image-group-1" caption="View of the humerus (dorsal)"/> <lightbox-embedding src="file:Humeruskopf.png" group="image-group-1" caption="View of the humeral head"/> <lightbox-embedding src="file:OberarmknochenKaudal.png" group="image-group-1" caption="View of the distal joint surface of the humerus"/>
 
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Views of the right humerus</div>
 
 
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:HumerusMedial.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomie des Humerus (medial)"/> <lightbox-embedding src="file:HumerusDorsal.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Humerus dorsal"/> <lightbox-embedding src="file:HumerusVentral.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomie des Humerus (ventral)"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:HumeruskopfKranial.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomie des Humeruskopf (kranial)"/>
 
 
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:DistalerHumerusKaudal.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomie der distalen Gelenkfläche des Humerus"/>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Röhrenknochen|Tubular bones]]</div>
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Anatomie des rechten Oberarmknochens</div>
 
 
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==Anatomy==
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{{ArticleGallery|
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Bild 1=<lightbox-embedding src="file:Humerus.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Upper arm bone" width="400" height="300" style=""/>|
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:Humeruskopf.png" group="image-group-1" caption="View of the humeral head"/>
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:OberarmknochenKaudal.png" group="image-group-1" caption="View of the distal joint surface of the humerus"/>
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|title=Views of the right humerus}}
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Bild 1=<lightbox-embedding src="file:HumerusLateral.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Upper arm bone" width="400" height="300" style=""/>|
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Weitere Bilder=<lightbox-embedding src="file:HumerusMedial.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the humerus (medial)"/> <lightbox-embedding src="file:HumerusDorsal.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Humerus dorsal"/> <lightbox-embedding src="file:HumerusVentral.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the humerus (ventral)"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:HumeruskopfKranial.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the humeral head (kranial)"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:DistalerHumerusKaudal.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the distal joint surface of the humerus"/>
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|title=Anatomy of the right humerus}}
  
Der Oberarmknochen steht gelenkig mit [[Special:MyLanguage/Schulterblatt|Schlterblatt]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Elle|Elle]] und [[Special:MyLanguage/Speiche|Speiche]] in Verbindung.
 
  
Er besteht aus dem Corpus und einer proximalen und distalen Extremitas. Das proximale Ende bildet das Caput humeri mit dem sich anschließenden Hals, Collum humeri. Er wirkt leicht eingezogen und wird auch Collum anatomicum genannt. Das distale Ende wird vom Condylus humeri gebildet.<br>
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The humerus is articulately connected to [[Special:MyLanguage/Schulterblatt|shoulder blade]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Elle|ulna]] and [[Special:MyLanguage/Speiche|radius]].
An der Vorderfläche der Extremitas proximalis liegen lateral das Tuberculum majus und medial das Tuberculum minus. Zwischen den beiden findet sich eine starke Einsenkung, der Sulcus intertubercularis, welcher der Sehne des Caput longum des M. biceps brachii als Gleitschiene dient.<br>
 
An der Hinterfläche des Corpus humeri liegt der Sulcus n. radialis. An der distalen Extremitas findet sich medial der mächtigere Knochensvorsprung Epicondylus medialis, lateral der schwächere Epicondylus lateralis.<br>
 
Trochlea humeri und Capitulum humeri bilden den Condylus humeri und dienen der gelenkigen Verbindung mit den Unterarmknochen. Medial von der Trochlea humeri verläuft eine seichte Rinne, der Sulcus n. ulnaris. An der Hinterfläche findet sich oberhalb der Trochlea eine tiefe Grube, die Fossa olecrani.<br>
 
Der Humerus ist an seinem proximalen Ende torquiert, d. h. das Caput ist etwa um 20° nach hinten gegenüber der Achse durch die Epicondyli humeri verdreht (Torsion). Zwischen der Längsachse des Humerus und dem Caput findet sich im Durchschnitt ein Winkel von etwa 130°, während am distalen Ende, zwischen der queren Gelenkachse und der Längsachse des Humerusschaftes ein Winkel von 76 bis 89° vorhanden ist.<br>
 
Die knöcherne Gelenkpfanne (Cavitas glenoidalis) der Articulatio humeri, eines Kugelgelenkes, ist wesentlich kleiner als der Humeruskopf. Die Pfanne wird durch eine faserknorpelige Gelenklippe, Labrum glenoidale, vergrößert. Die Oberfläche der Cavitas glenoidalis beträgt ca. 6 cm². Das Gewicht der oberen Extremität beträgt etwa 4 kg. Da keine stärkeren Bänder vorhanden sind, müssen die Muskeln, die das Gelenk umhüllen, dieses sichern. Man spricht daher von einem muskelgesicherten Gelenk. Die sogenannte “Rotatorenmanschette” ist Teil dieser muskulären Sicherung und verstärkt im besonderen die Gelenkkapsel.<br>
 
Das Caput humeri ist annähernd kugelförmig. Die synoviale Gelenkkapsel ist am Labrum glenoidale der Scapula befestigt. Sie stülpt sich entlang der intrakapsulär verlaufenden Sehne des langen Bizepskopfes sackartig aus und umgreift diese mit einer Vagina synovialis intertubercularis, welche sich im Sulcus intertubercularis befindet.
 
  
==Funktion==
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It consists of the corpus and a proximal and distal extremity. The proximal end forms the caput humeri with the adjacent neck, collum humeri. It appears slightly retracted and is also called Collum anatomicum. The distal end is formed by the condyle humeri.<br>
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At the anterior surface of the proximal extremity, the tubercle majus is located laterally and the tubercle minus medially. Between the two, there is a strong depression, the sulcus intertubercularis, which serves as a sliding rail for the tendon of the long caput of the biceps brachii.<br>
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At the posterior surface of the corpus humeri lies the sulcus n. radialis. At the distal extremity there is the medially more powerful bony protrusion Epicondylus medialis, laterally the weaker Epicondylus lateralis.<br>
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Trochlea humeri and Capitulum humeri form the Condylus humeri and serve as the joint connection with the forearm bones. Medially from the trochlea humeri runs a shallow channel, the sulcus n. ulnaris. On the posterior surface above the trochlea there is a deep pit, the olecranon fossa.
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The humerus is torqued at its proximal end, i.e. the caput is twisted about 20° backwards in relation to the axis through the epicondyli humeri (torsion). Between the longitudinal axis of the humerus and the caput there is an angle of about 130° on average, while at the distal end, between the transverse joint axis and the longitudinal axis of the humeral shaft, there is an angle of 76 to 89°.<br>
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The bony socket (Cavitas glenoidalis) of the Articulatio humeri, a ball-and-socket joint, is considerably smaller than the humeral head. The socket is enlarged by a fibrocartilaginous joint lip, labrum glenoidale. The surface area of the cavitas glenoidalis is approximately 6 cm². The weight of the upper extremity is approximately 4 kg. Since there are no stronger ligaments, the muscles that surround the joint must secure it. This is therefore called a muscle-secured joint. The so-called "rotator cuff" is part of this muscular support and strengthens the joint capsule in particular.
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The caput humeri is approximately spherical. The synovial joint capsule is attached to the labrum glenoidale of the scapula. The synovial joint capsule is attached to the labrum glenoidale of the scapula and extends along the intracapsular tendon of the long head of the biceps like a sack, enclosing it with a vagina synovialis intertubercularis, which is located in the sulcus intertubercularis.
  
Der Humerus verbindet Schulter und Unterarm miteinander. Er ist an der Bildung der Schultergelenkes und des Elenbogengelenkes beteiligt. Der Oberarmknochen dient als Ansatz und Ursprung vieler Muskeln, die zur Bewegung des Armes und der Schulter benötigt werden.
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==Function==
==Bewegung==
 
Bewegungen in drei Freiheitsgraden sind möglich. Man spricht von Abduktion und Adduktion, wobei man von der Ruhestellung des Caput humeri in der Scapula-Ebene ausgeht. Man kennt die Anteversion, das nach vorne Heben des Armes und ihre Gegenbewegung, die Retroversion. Durch eine rotatorische Komponente ergibt sich unter Mitwirkung der vorher genannten Bewegungen eine zusammengesetzte Bewegung, die Zirkumduktion oder das Kreisen, wobei der Arm praktisch einen Kegelmantel beschreibt.
 
  
Bei den Abduktionsbewegungen kommt es immer zu einer Mitbewegung der Scapula; eine exzessive Mitbewegung der Scapula tritt bei einer Abduktion über 90 Grad ein (Elevation).
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The humerus connects the shoulder and forearm. It is involved in the formation of the shoulder joint and the elbow joint. The humerus serves as the base and origin of many muscles that are needed to move the arm and shoulder.
  
==Erkrankungen==
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==Movement==
* [[Special:MyLanguage/Humerusfraktur|Humerusfraktur]]
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Movements in three degrees of freedom are possible. One speaks of abduction and adduction, whereby one assumes the resting position of the Caput humeri in the scapula plane. One knows the anteversion, the forward lifting of the arm and its counter movement, the retroversion. By a rotational component, a composite movement, the circumduction or circling, results with the involvement of the previously mentioned movements, whereby the arm practically describes a conical shell.
  
==Freies Explorieren==
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Abduction movements always result in a co-motion of the scapula; excessive co-motion of the scapula occurs with an abduction of more than 90 degrees (elevation).
<div style="float:left;margin-right:1em;"><segmenter-embedding wsemb_id="HumerusFrau" src="segmenter:kzTCpxqh4avF" height="300px" width="500px"/></div>
 
  
<div style="float:left;width:50%">Schauen Sie sich die Struktur des Oberarmknochens in 3D an und explorieren Sie sie frei. Danach können Sie Ihr erlerntes Wissen durch die Übungsaufgaben überprüfen.</div>
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==Diseases==
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* [[Special:MyLanguage/Humerusfraktur|frakture of the humerus]]
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==Free exploration==
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<div style="float:left;margin-right:1em;"><segmenter-embedding public wsemb-id="HumerusFrau" file="HumerusFrau.seg" height="300" width="400"/></div>
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<div style="float:left;width:50%">Look at the structure of the upper arm bone in 3D and explore it freely. Afterwards you can test your acquired knowledge by the exercises.</div>
 
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<ul>'''Weitere Artikel:'''<li class="mw-ui-button button_new" >[[Special:MyLanguage/Oberschenkelknochen|OBERSCHENKELKNOCHEN]]</li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new" >[[Special:MyLanguage/Handknochen|HANDKNOCHEN]]</li></ul>
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<ul>'''Weiterführende Links:'''<li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberarmknochen WIKIPEDIA - OBERARMKNOCHEN]</li></ul>
 
 
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[[Category:Bones Upper Extremity]]
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[[Category:Upper Extremity]]
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[[Category:Body regions]]
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Aktuelle Version vom 5. Januar 2022, 13:58 Uhr

The upper arm bone (lat. Humerus) is a strong, straight and long tubular bone. It is the largest bone in the human arm. It forms the connection between shoulder and elbow. In general, the humerus is divided into the proximal end piece, the humeral shaft and the distal end piece.


Anatomy

Views of the right humerus

Anatomy of the right humerus


The humerus is articulately connected to shoulder blade, ulna and radius.

It consists of the corpus and a proximal and distal extremity. The proximal end forms the caput humeri with the adjacent neck, collum humeri. It appears slightly retracted and is also called Collum anatomicum. The distal end is formed by the condyle humeri.
At the anterior surface of the proximal extremity, the tubercle majus is located laterally and the tubercle minus medially. Between the two, there is a strong depression, the sulcus intertubercularis, which serves as a sliding rail for the tendon of the long caput of the biceps brachii.
At the posterior surface of the corpus humeri lies the sulcus n. radialis. At the distal extremity there is the medially more powerful bony protrusion Epicondylus medialis, laterally the weaker Epicondylus lateralis.
Trochlea humeri and Capitulum humeri form the Condylus humeri and serve as the joint connection with the forearm bones. Medially from the trochlea humeri runs a shallow channel, the sulcus n. ulnaris. On the posterior surface above the trochlea there is a deep pit, the olecranon fossa. The humerus is torqued at its proximal end, i.e. the caput is twisted about 20° backwards in relation to the axis through the epicondyli humeri (torsion). Between the longitudinal axis of the humerus and the caput there is an angle of about 130° on average, while at the distal end, between the transverse joint axis and the longitudinal axis of the humeral shaft, there is an angle of 76 to 89°.
The bony socket (Cavitas glenoidalis) of the Articulatio humeri, a ball-and-socket joint, is considerably smaller than the humeral head. The socket is enlarged by a fibrocartilaginous joint lip, labrum glenoidale. The surface area of the cavitas glenoidalis is approximately 6 cm². The weight of the upper extremity is approximately 4 kg. Since there are no stronger ligaments, the muscles that surround the joint must secure it. This is therefore called a muscle-secured joint. The so-called "rotator cuff" is part of this muscular support and strengthens the joint capsule in particular. The caput humeri is approximately spherical. The synovial joint capsule is attached to the labrum glenoidale of the scapula. The synovial joint capsule is attached to the labrum glenoidale of the scapula and extends along the intracapsular tendon of the long head of the biceps like a sack, enclosing it with a vagina synovialis intertubercularis, which is located in the sulcus intertubercularis.

Function

The humerus connects the shoulder and forearm. It is involved in the formation of the shoulder joint and the elbow joint. The humerus serves as the base and origin of many muscles that are needed to move the arm and shoulder.

Movement

Movements in three degrees of freedom are possible. One speaks of abduction and adduction, whereby one assumes the resting position of the Caput humeri in the scapula plane. One knows the anteversion, the forward lifting of the arm and its counter movement, the retroversion. By a rotational component, a composite movement, the circumduction or circling, results with the involvement of the previously mentioned movements, whereby the arm practically describes a conical shell.

Abduction movements always result in a co-motion of the scapula; excessive co-motion of the scapula occurs with an abduction of more than 90 degrees (elevation).

Diseases

Free exploration

Look at the structure of the upper arm bone in 3D and explore it freely. Afterwards you can test your acquired knowledge by the exercises.


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