Rippen/en: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

Aktuelle Version vom 15. Dezember 2021, 10:06 Uhr

The human body has twelve pairs of ribs (lat. Costae). They have a curved and rod-like shape. The ribs run bent from the thoracic vertebrae to the sternum and form a cross connection. The connection between sternum and ribs is formed by the rib cartilage. The ribs represent an important part of the bony thorax.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1 Anatomy
- 1.1 Classification of the ribs
- 1.2 Different shapes of ribs
2 Function
3 Movement
4 Develpoment
5 Diseases
6 Free exploration

Anatomy

View of the ribs

Ribs are the paired, curved, rod-shaped bones that originate on the dorsal side of the thoracic spine. Most ribs then reach the sternum in a semicircle.
In this way, they create a cross connection between the two structures and thus serve the stability and elasticity of the thorax.
Usually the female chest is narrower and shorter than the male.
The human body has a total of twelve pairs of ribs, which corresponds to the number of thoracic vertebrae.

Each rib consists of the actual rib bone (os costale) and an adjacent section of cartilage, the costal cartilage (cartilago costalis). The individual ribs are not directly adjacent to each other, but are separated by the intercostal space. This space is partially filled by the intercostal muscles.

The ribs are connected to the spinal column by the rib heads. Most ribs touch two consecutive vertebrae. The joint surface of the head of the rib (facies articularis capitis costae) is therefore divided in two in this case.

At the neck of the rib, the rib hump (tuberculum costae) is located, which is connected to the transverse process of the thoracic vertebra at the same level via a small joint surface (facies articularis tuberculi costae). Not far from the rib neck is the angulus costae (rib angle). The flat body of the rib has a convex outer surface (facies externa) and a concave inner surface (facies interna). The anterior part of the ribs consists of cartilage. This elastically connects the ribs to the sternum. Without this freedom of movement, the ribs could not move when breathing in and out.

Classification of the ribs

The ribs can be divided into three groups. The decisive factor here is the connection to the sternum.

Die ersten sieben Rippenpaare erreichen als sogenannte echte Rippen (Costae verae) das Brustbein direkt über ihren zugehörigen Rippenknorpel.

The next five ribs are called false rib pairs (costae spuriae). The 8th, 9th and 10th ribs are only indirectly connected to the sternum. The respective nearest rib cartilages connect and are thus involved in the construction of the costal arch (arcus costalis).

The last two " false" pairs of ribs (costae fluctuantes) of the 11th and 12th ribs usually end up freely between the muscles of the lateral abdominal wall.

Different shapes of ribs

Anatomy of the different shapes of ribs

Each pair of ribs is bilaterally symmetrical, but the shape is different in each segment. The neck of the rib extends from the head of the rib (caput costae) to the tubercle (tuberculum costae) and is located at the dorsal end of the rib. With the exception of the 1st rib, it has an upward pointing groin (crista colli costa). Lateral from the rib hump the rib body (corpus costae) bends forward forming the rib angle (angulus costae). The rib bodies of the 2nd-11th rib have irregular curvatures, the so-called surface and edge curvatures.

Due to their additional rotation around the longitudinal axis, the outer surfaces of the ribs are slightly caudal at their vertebral end and slightly cranial at their ventral end. Normally, the 1st and 12th ribs are shortest, and the 7th rib is longest. The cartilage of the rib increases in length from the 1st-7th rib, and becomes shorter again from the 8th rib. With the exception of the 1st, 11th and 12th ribs, each rib has a groove (sulcus costae) on its lower surface, in which the intercostal vessels and nerves are relatively protected.

Function

The ribs, together with the thoracic vertebrae, the costal cartilage and the sternum, form the bony ribcage. Their main task is to stabilise and protect the internal organs, especially the heart and lungs.

Movement

The ribs perform a significant movement during breathing. These are performed by the rib-vertebral joints and rib-chest joints. The lifting and lowering during inhalation and exhalation is caused by the intercostal muscles. The movement includes a frame of about 2 cm.

Develpoment

The ribs are made of somites. The bone clips ossify towards the end of the second embryonic month. The ossification starts in some ossification nuclei at the angulus costae. The bone braces do not harden completely, so adult people also have rib cartilage.

Diseases

Free exploration

Look at the structure of the ribs in 3D and explore it freely. Afterwards you can test your acquired knowledge by the exercises.

Exercises

Further article

Phalanges of foot

Scull

Sprachen:

Deutsch • ‎English

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-<div style="text-align:justify;">
+The human body has twelve pairs of ribs (lat. Costae). They have a curved and rod-like shape. The ribs run bent from the thoracic vertebrae to the sternum and form a cross connection. The connection between sternum and ribs is formed by the rib cartilage. The ribs represent an important part of the bony thorax.
-Der menschliche Körper hat zwölf Rippenpaare (lat. Costae). Sie haben eine gebogene und stab-ähnliche Form. Die Rippen verlaufen gebogen von den Brustwirbeln nach vorne zum Sternum und bilden so eine Querverbindung. Die Verbindung zwischen Sternum und Rippen wird durch den Rippenknorpel gebildet. Die Rippen stellen einen wichtigen Teil des knöchernen Thorax dar.
 <div class="button_style">
-<ul class="center"> <li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben|ÜBUNGSAUFGABEN]]</li></ul></div>
+<div class ="center">
-<div style="background-color:#ddd7c0>
+<div class="dropdown">
-----
+<div class="floatright" style="margin:0.4em;">[[File:PfeilDropdown.png|20px|link=|Exercises]]</div>
-<div style="width:400px; margin-left:6%;">__TOC__</div>
+<div class="dropbtnart">[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben|Exercises]]</div>
-<div style="float:right; "><segmenter-embedding wsemb_id="RippenMann" src="segmenter:Rw92dDnVUohc" height="300px" width="500px"/></div>
+<div class="dropdown-content">
-<div class="clear"></div>
+<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben: Thorax|Thorax]]</div>
-----
+<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgabe: Rippen|Ribs]]</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="box">
+<div class="pic">__TOC__</div>
+<div class="segmenter"><segmenter-embedding public wsemb_id="RippenMann" file="RippenMann.seg" height="300" width="400"/></div>
+</div>
+<div class="dropdown">
+<div class="floatright" style="margin:0.4em;">[[File:PfeilDropdown.png|20px|link=|Benachbarte Strukturen]]</div>
+<div class="dropbtnart">Neighbouring structures</div>
+<div class="dropdown-content">
+<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Brustbein|Sternum]]</div>
+<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Brustwirbelsäule|Thoracic spine]]</div>
+<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Schlüsselbein|Clavicle]]</div>
+<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Schulterblatt|Shoulder blade]]</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="dropdown">
+<div class="floatright" style="margin:0.4em;">[[File:PfeilDropdown.png|20px|link=|Body regions]]</div>
+<div class="dropbtnart">[[Special:MyLanguage/Körperregionen|Body regions]]</div>
+<div class="dropdown-content">
+<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Brustkorb Knochen|Bones thorax]]</div>
+<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Knochen Rumpf|Bones trunk]]</div>
+<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Rumpf|Trunk]]</div>
+</div>
 </div>
-<div class="button_style">
-<ul>'''Anschließende Strukturen:'''<li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Brustbein|BRUSTBEIN]]</li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Brustwirbelsäule|BRUSTWIRBELSÄULE]]</li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Schlüsselbein|SCHLÜSSELBEIN]]</li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Schulterblatt|SCHULTERBLATT]]</li></ul>
+<div class="dropdown">
+<div class="floatright" style="margin:0.4em;">[[File:PfeilDropdown.png|20px|link=|Organ system]]</div>
+<div class="dropbtnart">[[Special:MyLanguage/Organsystem|Organ system]]</div>
+<div class="dropdown-content">
+<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Platte Knochen|Plate bones]]</div>
+<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Knochen|Bones]]</div>
+<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Passiver Bewegungsapparat|Passive movement apparatus]]</div>
+<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Bewegungsapparat|Movement apparatus]]</div>
 </div>
-<div class="button_style">
-<ul>'''Übergeordnete Strukturen:'''<li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Brustkorb Knochen|BRUSTKORB KNOCHEN]]</li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Knochen Rumpf|KNOCHEN RUMPF]]</li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Rumpf|RUMPF]]</li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[[Special:MyLanguage/Körperregionen|KÖRPERREGIONEN]]</li></ul>
 </div>
 ----
-==Anatomie==
+==Anatomy==
 <div class="thumb tright thumbinner">
 <div class="picture">
-<lightbox-embedding src="file:Rippen.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomie der Rippen" width="400" height="300" style="width:300px; height:300px;float:left;margin:1px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;display: flex;justify-content: center;"/>
+<lightbox-embedding src="file:Rippen.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the ribs" width="400" height="300" style="width:300px; height:300px;float:left;margin:1px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;display: flex;justify-content: center;"/>
 </div>
 <div class="thumbcaption">
-Ansicht der Rippen</div>
+View of the ribs</div>
 </div>
-Als Rippen bezeichnet man die paarigen, gebogenen, stabförmigen Knochen, die dorsalseitig an der Brustwirbelsäule entspringen.
+Ribs are the paired, curved, rod-shaped bones that originate on the dorsal side of the thoracic spine.
-Die meisten Rippen gelangen dann halbkreisförmig zum Brustbein.<br>
+Most ribs then reach the sternum in a semicircle.<br>
-So stellen sie eine Querverbindung zwischen den beiden Strukturen her und dienen damit der Stabilität und Elastizität des Brustkorbs (Thorax).<br>
+In this way, they create a cross connection between the two structures and thus serve the stability and elasticity of the thorax.<br>
-In der Regel ist der weibliche Brustkorb schmaler und kürzer als der männliche.
+Usually the female chest is narrower and shorter than the male.
 <br>
-Der Mensch verfügt insgesamt über zwölf Rippenpaare, was der Anzahl der Brustwirbel entspricht.
+The human body has a total of twelve pairs of ribs, which corresponds to the number of thoracic vertebrae.
-Jede Rippe besteht aus dem eigentlichen Rippenknochen (Os costale) und einem daran anschließenden Knorpelabschnitt, dem Rippenknorpel (Cartilago costalis). Die einzelnen Rippen grenzen nicht direkt aneinander, sondern sind durch den Intercostalraum voneinander getrennt.
+Each rib consists of the actual rib bone (os costale) and an adjacent section of cartilage, the costal cartilage (cartilago costalis). The individual ribs are not directly adjacent to each other, but are separated by the intercostal space.
-Dieser Raum wird zum Teil von der Interkostalmuskulatur ausgefüllt.
+This space is partially filled by the intercostal muscles.
-Über die Rippenköpfchen stehen die Rippen gelenkig mit der Wirbelsäule in Verbindung. Die meisten Rippe berühren dabei zwei aufeinander folgende Wirbel. Die Gelenkfläche des Rippenköpfchens (Facies articularis capitis costae) ist daher in diesem Fall zweigeteilt.
+The ribs are connected to the spinal column by the rib heads. Most ribs touch two consecutive vertebrae. The joint surface of the head of the rib (facies articularis capitis costae) is therefore divided in two in this case.
-Am Rippenhals befindet sich der Rippenhöcker (Tuberculum costae), der über eine kleine Gelenkfläche (Facies articularis tuberculi costae) mit dem Querfortsatz des Brustwirbels auf gleicher Höhe verbunden ist. Unweit vom Rippenhals befindet sich der Angulus costae (Rippenwinkel). Der flache Rippenkörper weist eine konvexe Außenfläche (Facies externa) und eine konkave Innenfläche (Facies interna) auf.
+At the neck of the rib, the rib hump (tuberculum costae) is located, which is connected to the transverse process of the thoracic vertebra at the same level via a small joint surface (facies articularis tuberculi costae). Not far from the rib neck is the angulus costae (rib angle). The flat body of the rib has a convex outer surface (facies externa) and a concave inner surface (facies interna).
-Der vordere Teil der Rippen besteht aus Knorpel. Dieser verbindet die Rippen elastisch mit dem Brustbein. Ohne diese Bewegungsfreiheit könnten sich die Rippen beim Ein- und Ausatmen nicht mitbewegen.
+The anterior part of the ribs consists of cartilage. This elastically connects the ribs to the sternum. Without this freedom of movement, the ribs could not move when breathing in and out.
 <br>
 <div class="clear"></div>
-===Einteilung der Rippen===
+===Classification of the ribs===
 <div class="thumb tright thumbinner">
 <div class="picture">
-<lightbox-embedding src="file:AbschnitteRippen.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomie der Rippen" width="400" height="300" style="width:300px; height:300px;float:left;margin:1px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;display: flex;justify-content: center;"/>
+<lightbox-embedding src="file:AbschnitteRippen.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the ribs" width="400" height="300" style="width:300px; height:300px;float:left;margin:1px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;display: flex;justify-content: center;"/>
 </div>
 <div class="thumbcaption">
-Einteilung der Rippen</div>
+Classification of the ribs</div>
 </div>
-Die Rippen lassen sich in drei Gruppen einteilen. Entscheidend hierfür ist die Verbindung zum Brustbein.
+The ribs can be divided into three groups. The decisive factor here is the connection to the sternum.
 Die ersten sieben Rippenpaare erreichen als sogenannte echte Rippen (Costae verae) das Brustbein direkt über ihren zugehörigen Rippenknorpel.
-Die nächsten fünf Rippen werden als falsche Rippenpaaren (Costae spuriae) bezeichnet. Dabei stehen die 8., 9. und 10. Rippe mit dem Brustbein nur indirekt in Verbindung. Die jeweiligen nächstgelegenen Rippenknorpel verbinden sich und sind so am Aufbau des Rippenbogens (Arcus costalis) beteiligt.
+The next five ribs are called false rib pairs (costae spuriae). The 8th, 9th and 10th ribs are only indirectly connected to the sternum. The respective nearest rib cartilages connect and are thus involved in the construction of the costal arch (arcus costalis).
-Die beiden letzten "falschen" Rippenpaare (Costae fluctuantes) der 11. und 12. Rippe enden meist frei zwischen den Muskeln der seitlichen Bauchwand.
+The last two " false" pairs of ribs (costae fluctuantes) of the 11th and 12th ribs usually end up freely between the muscles of the lateral abdominal wall.
 <div class="clear"></div>
-===Unterschiedliche Rippenformen===
+===Different shapes of ribs===
 <div class="thumb tright thumbinner">
 <div class="picture">
-<lightbox-embedding src="file:AufbauRippe.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomie der  ersten Rippe" width="400" height="300" style="width:300px; height:300px;float:left;margin:1px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;display: flex;justify-content: center;"/>
+<lightbox-embedding src="file:AufbauRippe.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the first rib" width="400" height="300" style="width:300px; height:300px;float:left;margin:1px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;display: flex;justify-content: center;"/>
 </div>
 <div class="gallery">
-<lightbox-embedding src="file:AufbauRippe1.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomie der zweiten Rippe"/> <lightbox-embedding src="file:AufbauRippen2.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomie der fünften Rippe"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:AufbauRippe3.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomie der elften Rippe"/>
+<lightbox-embedding src="file:AufbauRippe1.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the second rib"/> <lightbox-embedding src="file:AufbauRippen2.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomie der fünften Rippe"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:AufbauRippe3.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the elventh rib"/>
 </div>
 <div class="thumbcaption">
-Anatomie der unterschiedlichen Rippenformen</div>
+Anatomy of the different shapes of ribs</div>
 </div>
-Jedes Rippenpaar ist bilateral symmetrisch, die Form jedoch ist in jedem Segment verschieden.
+Each pair of ribs is bilaterally symmetrical, but the shape is different in each segment.
-Der Rippenhals reicht vom Rippenköpfchen (Caput costae) bis zum Rippenhöckerchen (Tuberculum costae) und liegt am dorsalen Ende der Rippe. Er weist mit Ausnahme der 1. Rippe eine nach oben gerichtete Leiste (Crista colli costa) auf.
+The neck of the rib extends from the head of the rib (caput costae) to the tubercle (tuberculum costae) and is located at the dorsal end of the rib. With the exception of the 1st rib, it has an upward pointing groin (crista colli costa).
-Lateral vom Rippenhöckerchen biegt sich der Rippenkörper (Corpus costae) unter Bildung des Rippenwinkels (Angulus costae) nach vorne um. Die Rippenkörper der 2.-11. Rippe weisen unregelmäßige Krümmungen auf, die sogenannten Flächen- und Kantenkrümmungen.
+Lateral from the rib hump the rib body (corpus costae) bends forward forming the rib angle (angulus costae). The rib bodies of the 2nd-11th rib have irregular curvatures, the so-called surface and edge curvatures.
-Durch ihre zusätzliche Verdrehung um die Längsachse sind die Außenflächen der Rippen an ihrem vertebralen Ende etwas nach kaudal, und an ihrem ventralen Ende leicht nach kranial geneigt. Normalerweise sind die 1. und 12. Rippe am kürzesten, und die 7. Rippe am längsten. Der Rippenknorpel wiederrum nimmt von der 1.-7. Rippe an Länge zu, ab der 8. Rippe wird er wieder kürzer. Mit Ausnahme der 1., 11. und 12. Rippe besitzt jede Rippe an ihrer Unterfläche eine Furche (Sulcus costae), in dem die Interkostalgefäße und -nerven relativ geschützt verlaufen.
+Due to their additional rotation around the longitudinal axis, the outer surfaces of the ribs are slightly caudal at their vertebral end and slightly cranial at their ventral end. Normally, the 1st and 12th ribs are shortest, and the 7th rib is longest. The cartilage of the rib increases in length from the 1st-7th rib, and becomes shorter again from the 8th rib. With the exception of the 1st, 11th and 12th ribs, each rib has a groove (sulcus costae) on its lower surface, in which the intercostal vessels and nerves are relatively protected.
 <div class="clear"></div>
-==Funktion==
+==Function==
-Die Rippen bilden im Zusammenhang mit den Brustwirbeln, dem Rippenknorpel und dem Sternum den knöchernen Brustkorb. Ihre Hauptaufgabe liegt in der Stabilisierung und dem Schutz der Inneren Organe, vor allem von Herz und Lunge.
+The ribs, together with the thoracic vertebrae, the costal cartilage and the sternum, form the bony ribcage. Their main task is to stabilise and protect the internal organs, especially the heart and lungs.
 <div class="clear></div>
-==Bewegung==
+==Movement==
-Die Rippen führen bei der Atmung eine maßgebliche Bewegung aus. Diese werden durch die Rippen-Wirbel-Gelenke und Rippen-Brustbein-Gelenke durchgeführt. Das Heben und Senken während des Ein- und Ausatmen wird durch die Intercostalmuskeln bedingt. Die Bewegung umfasst einen Rahmen von ca. 2 cm.
+The ribs perform a significant movement during breathing. These are performed by the rib-vertebral joints and rib-chest joints. The lifting and lowering during inhalation and exhalation is caused by the intercostal muscles. The movement includes a frame of about 2 cm.
-==Entwicklung==
+==Develpoment==
-Die Rippen entstehen aus Somiten. Die Knochenspangen verknöchern gegen Ende des zweiten Embryonalmonats. Dabei liegt der Ausgang der Verknöcherung in einigen Ossifikationskernen beim Angulus costae. Die Knochenspangen verfestigen sich nicht komplett, so haben auch erwachsene Menschen einen Rippenknorpel.
+The ribs are made of somites. The bone clips ossify towards the end of the second embryonic month. The ossification starts in some ossification nuclei at the angulus costae. The bone braces do not harden completely, so adult people also have rib cartilage.
-==Erkrankungen==
+==Diseases==
-*[[Special:MyLanguage/Rippenfellentzündung|Rippenfellentzündung]]
+*[[Special:MyLanguage/Rippenfellentzündung|Pleurisy]]
-*[[Special:MyLanguage/Rippenfraktur|Rippenfraktur]]
+*[[Special:MyLanguage/Rippenfraktur|Fracture of a rib]]
 *[[Special:MyLanguage/Morbus Tietze|Morbus Tietze]]
-==Freie Exploration==
+==Free exploration==
-<div style="float:left;margin-right:1em;"><segmenter-embedding wsemb_id="RippenMann" src="segmenter:Rw92dDnVUohc" height="300px" width="500px"/></div>
+<div style="float:left;margin-right:1em;"><segmenter-embedding public wsemb_id="RippenMann" file="RippenMann.seg" height="300" width="400"/></div>
-<div style="float:left;width:50%">Schauen Sie sich die Struktur der Rippen in 3D an und explorieren Sie sie frei. Danach können Sie Ihr erlerntes Wissen durch die Übungsaufgaben überprüfen.</div>
+<div style="float:left;width:50%">Look at the structure of the ribs in 3D and explore it freely. Afterwards you can test your acquired knowledge by the exercises.</div>
 <div class="clear"></div>
 ----
-<div class="button_style">
+<div class="clear aufgaben" style="margin-bottom:1em;">
-<ul class="center"> <li class="mw-ui-button button_new" >[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben|ÜBUNGSAUFGABEN]]</li></ul></div>
+<div class="menu_item">
-<div class="button_style">
+<li class="mw-ui-button button_new" >[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben|Exercises]]</li>
-<ul>'''Weitere Artikel:'''<li class="mw-ui-button button_new" >[[Special:MyLanguage/Zehenknochen|ZEHENKNOCHEN]]</li><li class="mw-ui-button button_new" >[[Special:MyLanguage/Schädel|SCHÄDEL]]</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="clear aufgaben">
+<div class="menu_item">
+<li class="button_article"><b>Further article</b></li>
 </div>
-<div class="button_style">
-<ul>'''Weiterführende Links:'''<li class="mw-ui-button button_new">[https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rippe WIKIPEDIA - RIPPEN]</li></ul>
+<div class="menu_item">
+<li class="mw-ui-button button_normal">[[Special:MyLanguage/Zehenknochen|Phalanges of foot]]</li>
 </div>
+<div class="menu_item">
+<li class="mw-ui-button button_normal">[[Special:MyLanguage/Schädel|Scull]]</li>
+</div>
+</div>
 <div class="clear"></div>
 ----
+[[Category:Bones thorax]]
+[[Category:Bones trunk]]
+[[Category:Trunk]]
+[[Category:Body regions]]
 <languages/>