Halswirbelsäule/en: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen
(Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: „The cervical vertebrae three to six have a forked spinous process which is relatively short. The seventh cervical vertebra is called vertebra prominens (protru…“) |
(Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: „==Movements== <div class="thumb tright thumbinner"> <div class="picture"> <lightbox-embedding src="file:Atlas1.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of t…“) |
||
| Zeile 41: | Zeile 41: | ||
| − | == | + | ==Movements== |
<div class="thumb tright thumbinner"> | <div class="thumb tright thumbinner"> | ||
<div class="picture"> | <div class="picture"> | ||
| − | <lightbox-embedding src="file:Atlas1.png" group="image-group-1" caption=" | + | <lightbox-embedding src="file:Atlas1.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the atlas (ventral)" width="400" height="300" style="width:300px; height:300px;float:left;margin:1px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;display: flex;justify-content: center;"/> |
</div> | </div> | ||
<div class="gallery"> | <div class="gallery"> | ||
| − | <lightbox-embedding src="file:Atlas2.png" group="image-group-1" caption=" | + | <lightbox-embedding src="file:Atlas2.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the atlas (links lateral)"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:Atlas3.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the atals (kranial)"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:Axis1.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the axis (ventral)"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:Axis2.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the axis (links lateral)"/> |
</div> | </div> | ||
<div class="gallery"> | <div class="gallery"> | ||
| − | <lightbox-embedding src="file:Axis3.png" group="image-group-1" caption=" | + | <lightbox-embedding src="file:Axis3.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the axis (kranial)"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:HW5_1.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the fifth cervical vertebra (ventral)"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:HW5_2.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the fifth cervical vertebra (links lateral)"/><lightbox-embedding src="file:HW5_3.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Anatomy of the fifth cervical vertebra (kranial)"/> |
</div> | </div> | ||
<div class="thumbcaption"> | <div class="thumbcaption"> | ||
| − | + | Views and anatomy of the cervical vertebrae</div> | |
</div> | </div> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
Version vom 27. Mai 2020, 13:56 Uhr
The cervical spine (HWS) consists of seven vertebrae. These are located directly below the skull and represent the most mobile part of the spinal column. The cervical spine bears the main load of the skull. The first two vertebrae of the cervical spine, Atlas and Axis, are the only vertebrae that deviate significantly from the basic vertebral structure.
Anatomy
The cervical spine is the uppermost and most mobile part of the Spine . It has seven cervical vertebrae, of which the first and second cervical vertebrae (Atlas and Axis) deviate significantly from the basic form. Together with the base of the skull, the two cervical vertebrae form the upper and lower head joint (bicondylar joint). In contrast to the other vertebrae, the atlas has no vertebral body. Furthermore, there is no intervertebral disc between the first two cervical vertebrae.
The remaining five cervical vertebrae have a relatively small and almost cuboid vertebral body. The associated vertebral foramen is triangular and large compared to the vertebral body.
The marginal surfaces of the vertebral body are inclined in a saddle-like manner and rise at the cranial surfaces (procc. uncinatus), which, however, only become visible in the tenth year of life.
The cervical vertebrae three to six have a forked spinous process which is relatively short. The seventh cervical vertebra is called vertebra prominens (protruding vertebra) because its spinous process protrudes a little further than in the other six cervical vertebrae. It can be clearly felt from the outside and therefore serves as a point of orientation. The vertebral arteries (arteriae vertebrales) run through the transverse processes of the cervical spine. Together with the internal carotid arteries, they ensure the supply of blood to the brain. The cranial surface of the transverse process has a groove from the third cervical vertebra onwards, the sulcus n. spinalis. The spinal nerve is located in this groove.
Movements
Atals und Axis bildet zusammen mit der Schädelbasis das obere und untere Kopfgelenk. Die Verbindung des Hinterhauptbeins mit dem ersten Halswirbel ist das obere Kopfgelenk. Diese Verknüpfung ist von einer lockeren Gelenkkapsel umgeben und wird durch Bänder zwischen dem Hinterhauptloch und dem vorderen und hinteren Atlasbogen festgehalten. Dadurch entsteht ein Bewegungsumfang des Gelenkes von etwa 20° (nach vorne und hinten).
Das untere Kopfgelenk besteht aus drei getrennten Gelenken:
- das erste zwischen dem Zahn (Dens) des Axis-Wirbels, dem vorderen Bogen des ersten Halswirbels und einem Band (Ligamentum cruciforme atlantis) im Atlas
- das zweite und dritte links und rechts zwischen den Gelenkflächen des ersten Halswirbels und dem Axis- Wirbel
Somit erlaubt das untere Kopfgelenk zusammen mit einer schmalen Gelenkkapsel eine Bewegungsfreiheit von 30° nach rechts und links.
Funktion
Die Halswirbelsäule dient dazu, den Schädel zu tragen und trotzdem eine Beweglichkeit zu ermöglichen. An der Halswirbelsäule entspringen ebenfalls acht Rückenmarksnerven. Davon versorgen die oberen vier den Hals und die dazu gehöhrige Muskulatur sowie das Zwerchfell. Mit der Halswirbelsäule werden die aufsteigenden Blutgefäße sowie das Rückenmark geschützt.
