Magen (Gaster)/en

Structure of the stomach

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The largest part of the stomach is formed by the gastric body (corpus gastricum). The stomach ends at the top with the fundus gastricus, which is highest in the standing patient and where the inhaled air is located (visible as a stomach bladder in the lower CT image). The fundus is at about the same level as the horizontal boundary of the liver. The esophagus ends in the Pars cardiaca, which is located in the upper part of the stomach. On the outside, the stomach is covered with serous peritoneal, while the esophagus is surrounded by adventitious connective tissue.
After the corpus follows the Antrum pyloricum. The transition of the porter's channel into the small intestine is formed by the M. sphincter pylori . The M. sphincter pylori is caused by the particularly strong ring muscles of the stomach. This causes the visible constriction of the Canalis pyloricus.

Position in horizontal section

The picture above shows an incision in the horizontal from the cranial direction in the area of the 1st lumbar vertebra and the 7th thoracic vertebra.
The stomach lies within the peritoneum (intraperitoneal) and is located in the immediate vicinity of various organs. The curved organ contours on both sides of the stomach are called large (Curvaturagastrica major) and small (Curvaturagastrica minor) stomach curvatures. Ventrally, the left lobe of the liver towers above the stomach up to the left upper abdomen. The stomach is dorsally adjacent to the spleen. The stomach has two mesogastria as developmental rudiments, which develop further as Omentum majus and minus as well as connecting lines between stomach and adjacent organs and include the net bag (Bursa omentalis). The bursa omentalis is the slit-shaped displacement space of the peritoneal cavity, which lies dorsally from the stomach. The back wall of the bursa omentalis is formed by the pancreas. For gastric peristalsis, the peritoneal coating plays an important role, as it establishes mobility in relation to the neighbouring organs.

Projection onto the trunk

Der Magenfundus/-Corpus wird auf dem Rumpf zwischen der 6. und der 10. Rippe projiziert, auf der Fläche zwischen Linea mediana anterior und Linea medioclavicularis. Einen wichtigen Orientierungspunkt bei klinischen Untersuchungen spielt der Weg zwischen Symphysenoberkante und Oberand des Manubrium sterni. In diesem Bereich befindet sich der Pförtner (Pylorus). Er ist gegenüber der restlichen Magenabschnitte ziemlich unbeweglich, da er mit dem im Retroperitoneum gelegenen Duodenum verbunden ist.

Beziehung zu Nachbarorganen

Aufgrund der Lage des Magens innerhalb des Bauchfells, ist er sehr beweglich gegenüber benachbarten Organen. Dies kann unter Umständen dazu führen, dass Krankheitsprozesse (Magengeschwüre, bösartige Tumore) welche die Magenwand durchdringen, auf enganliegende, benachbarte Organe übergreifen.

| Ansicht Magenvorderwand | Ansicht Magenhinterwand |
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Magen in situ

Magen in situ (hier anzeigen lassen) aus der anterioren Ansicht des Abdomens mit angehobener Leber und entfernten Omentum minus bzw. major. Im linken Oberbauch wird der enge Kontakt von der großen Magenkurvatur zur Milz (Splen) sichtbar.

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Übungsaufgaben

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