Adductor group
The adductor muscle group is located on the medial side of the thigh. The main function of this muscle group is adduction of the thigh.
Anatomy
The adductor muscles of the thigh are located medial to the femur and serve mainly for adduction. The origins of the muscles extend from the ramus inferior of the pubis to the tuber ischiadicum. The insertions begin at the lesser trochanter and extend to the medial inferior border of the femur and the ventral aspect of the tibia. Thereby, the attachments run along the dorsal surface of the femur.
Musculus pectineus
Musculus adductor longus and
Musculus adductor brevis
The pectineus muscle is located on the medial side of the thigh. It originates at the eminentia iliopubica along the pecten ossis pubis of the pubis to the tuberculum pubicum. The insertion is at the linea pectine and the linea aspera of the femur.
Musculus adductor longus
and Musculus gracilis
The adductor longus muscle is located on the inner side of the thigh. Its origin lies at the Os pubis between the Symphysis pubica and the Crista pubica. Following its oblique course, it attaches to the linea aspera in the middle part of the femur. A few fibers extend to the membrana vastoadductoria. The membrana vastoadductoria separates the adductor group from the extensor group.
Musculus adductor brevis
The small-surface origin of the adductor brevis muscle is located at the anterior edge of the lower and upper branch of the pubic bone (Os pubis). It is located between the origin of the gracilis muscle and the obturator externus muscle. These muscle fibers have a lateral, dorsal and also caudal course to its insertion at the linea aspera. The insertion lies over an aponeurosis in the upper third of the femur.
Musculus adductor magnus
The adductor magnus muscle arises from the ramus inferior to the pubic bone to the tuber ischiadicum. The part that originates at the pubic bone is also called the adductor minimus muscle. The proximal fibers insert at the lambium mediale of the linea aspera. The attachment of the distal fibers is at the linea supracondylaris medialis as well as the tuberculum adductorium of the epicondylus medialis. This creates a reed, the hiatus adductorius, between the two attachments. The adductor magnus muscle, together with the vastus meialis muscle and the adductor longus muscle, forms the adductor canal (canalis adductorius). The femoral artery and the femoral vein pass through this canal.
Musculus adductor minimus
The adductor minimus muscle is a small flat muscle. It is an incomplete splitting of the adductor muscle in the upper part of the muscle. The fibers of the adductor minimus muscle cross with the fibers of the adductor magnus muscle in the upper part. It originates at the pubic bone and draws to its insertion above the linea aspera on the femur.
Musculus gracilis
The gracilis muscle is the most superficial muscle on the medial side of the thigh. The origin lies over a thin aponeurosis on the lower branch of the Os pubis as well as on the pelvic symphysis. The area of origin is medial to the origin of the adductor brevis muscle. The muscle fibers of the gracilis muscle run steeply vertically downward and terminate in a round attachment tendon. This attaches medially to the tibial tuberosity in the superficial pes ansernus. The tendon of the sartorius muscle and the semitendinosus muscle also attach at this point. Some other fibers of the gracilis muscle extend into the deep leg fascia.
Innervation
The pectineus muscle has a double innervation by the obturator nerve and the femoral nerve (L2-L4). The anterior branch of the obturator nerve innervates the adductor longus muscle. The adductor brevis muscle is also innervated by the obturator nerve (L2-L4). Thereby, the ramus posterior of the obturator nerve (L2-L4) innervates the adddcutor magnuns muscle and is supported by the dorsal part of the tibial nerve (L4-L5). The obturator nerve also innervates the adductor minimus muscle and the gracilis muscle.
Funktion
Die Hauptaufgabe der Adduktorengruppe ist die Addkution. Dabei übernimmt der Musculus pectineus eine Adduktion, Außenrotation sowie eine leichte Flexion. Des Weiteren wird durch ihn auch eine Stabilisierung in der Frontal- und Sagittaleben des Beckens vorgenommen. Der Musculus adductor longus unterstützt neben der Adduktion auch die Außenrotation und Flexion der Oberschenkels. Die Fasern des Musculus adductor longus, die zur Membrana vastoadductoria ziehen, dienen der Unterstützung der Innenrotation des Oberschenkels. Durch den Musculus adductor brevis wird im Hüftgelenk eie Adduktion und Flexion vorgenommen. Liegt eine Beugungs über 80° vor, so übernimmt der Musculus adductor brevis auch eine Extensionsbewegung. Der Musculus adductor magnus übernimmt hauptsächlich die Adduktion des Oberschenkels. Der proximale Teil des Muskels unterstützt zusätzlich die Außenrotation. In gebeugter, außenrotierter Stellung des Beins kann durch den distlen Teil eien Innenrotation des Oberschnekels bedingt werden. Auch eine Unterstützung der Extension im Hüftgelenk wird durch den distalen Teil des Musculus adductor magnuns übernommen. Der Musculus adductor minimus dient der Adduktion und Außenrotation des Oberschenkels. Im Hüftgelenk wird durch den Musculus gracilis eine eine Adduktion und Flexion durchgeführt. Im Kniegelenkt wird durch diesen Muskel eine Beugung und Innenrotation durchgeführt.
Freies Explorieren
