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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Back muscles - lateral tract}}The lateral tract is made up of a complex of long muscles. A distinction is made between the <b>saccrospinal</b> (m. iliocostalis and m. longissimus), spinotransversal (mm. intertransversarii and levatores costarum) and intertransversal (mm. intertransversarii and levatores costarum) system.

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==Sacrospinal System== 
<table border="1" cellpadding="10">
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><b>M. iliocostalis</b></td>
<td><b>M. longissimus </b></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><b>Origin</b></td>
<td>1) M. iliocostalis lumborum: fascia thoracolumbalis, os sacrum, crista iliaca<br>2) M. iliocostalis thoracis: 7th-12th rib<br>3) M. iliocostalis cervicis: 3rd-7th rib</td>
<td>4) M. longissimus thoracis: spinous processes of the lumbar spine, transverse processes of the lower section of the thoracic spine, os sacrum, crista iliaca<br>5) M. longissimus cervicis: 1st-6th thoracic vertebrae (transverse processes)<br>6) M. longissimus capitis: 1st-3rd thoracic vertebrae (transverse processes) and 4th-7th cervical vertebrae (transverse and articular processes)</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><b>Insertion</b></td>
<td>1) 6th-12th rib, transverse processes of the upper lumbar spine, fascia thoracolumbalis<br>2) 1st-6th rib<br>3) 4th-6th cervical vertebrae (transverse processes)</td>
<td>4) 2th-12th rib, transverse processes of the thoracic spine, rib processes of the lumbar spine<br>5) 2nd-5th cervical vertebrae (transverse processes)<br>6) Wart process (proc. mastoideus) of the temporal bone (os temporale)</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><b>Function</b></td>
<td>In case of one-sided contraction these muscles cause lateral flexion on the same side of the body (ipsilateral), in case of bilateral activation dorsal extension.</td>
<td>The m. longissimus additionally causes a rotation of the head to the ipsilateral side.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><b>Innervation</b></td>
<td>lateral branches of the rami posteriores spinal nerves (C8-L1)</td>
<td>lateral branches of the rami posteriores spinal nerves (C1-L5)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</br>
==Spinotransverse and intertransverse system==
<table border="1" cellpadding="10">
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><b>M. splenius</b></td>
<td><b>Mm. intertransversarii</b></td>
<td><b>Mm. levatores costarum</b></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><b>Origin</b></td>
<td>7) M. splenius cervicis: 3rd-6th thoracic vertebra (spinous processes)<br>8) M. splenius capitis: 3rd cervical to 3rd thoracic vertebra (spinous processes)</td>
<td>9) Mm. intertransversarii mediales lumborum: between adjacent procc. mamillares of the lumbar spine<br>10) Mm. intertransversarii laterales lumborum: between adjacent procc. costales of the lumbar spine<br>11) Mm. intertransversarii posteriores cervicis</i>: between adjacent tubercula posteriora of the 2nd-7th cervical vertebra</td>
<td>12) Mm. intertransversarii costarum breves: 7. Hals- und 1.-11. Brustwirbel (Querfortsätze)<br>13) Mm. intertransversarii costarum longi: 7th cervical and 1st-11th thoracic vertebrae (transverse processes)</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><b>Insertion</b></td>
<td>7) 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae (spinous processes)<br>8) Proc. mastoideus, upper cervical line (lateral Linea nuchalis</td>)
<td>9) to 11) insertion and origins are congruent</td>
<td>12) Rib angle (Angulus costae) of the underlying rib<br>13) Rib angle (Angulus costae) of the next but one rib </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><b>Function</b></td>
<td>In case of bilateral activation these muscles cause a dorsal extension of the cervical spine, in case of one-sided contraction rotation and ipsilateral lateral flexion.</td>
<td>One-sided activation of these muscles leads to lateral flexion of the lumbar and cervical spine, bilateral contraction to stabilization and dorsal extension of the lumbar and cervical spine</td>
<td>Both-sided contraction causes dorsal extension of the thoracic spine, one-sided contraction causes ipsilateral flexion and contralateral rotation.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><b>Innervation</b></td>
<td>lateral branches of the rami posteriores spinal nerves (C1-C6)</td>
<td>lateral branches of the rami posteriores and the corresponding spinal cord segment</td>
<td>rami posteriores spinal nerves</td>
</tr>

</table>
==Free exploration== 
<div style="float:left;margin-right:1em;"><segmenter-embedding wsemb_id="Rückenmuskelnlateralertrakt" file="Rückenmuskelnlateralertrakt.seg" height="300" width="400"/></div>

<div style="float:left;width:50%">Look at the location of the back muscles in 3D and explore them freely. Afterwards, you can check your learned knowledge through the exercise tasks.</div>
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[[Category:Musculature]]
[[Category:Trunk]]
[[Category:Body regions]]