Kidney (Ren)
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Structure and shape of the kidneys
| without annotations | View from ventral | View from dorsal | View from medial |
The kidneys are each about 12 cm long, 6 cm wide, weigh between 150-180 g and have the shape of a bean. The following structures can be distinguished:
- two poles (Extremitas superior/inferior),
- two surfaces (Facies anterior/posterior) and
- two margins (Margo lateralis/medialis).
The two poles join at the inner margin and form the renal hilus (Hilum renale). This serves as a gate for inflowing and outflowing vessels. The kidney is surrounded by a capsule of tight connective tissue (Capsula fibrosa renis). The surface of the kidney is delicately furrowed due to the history of its development. In contrast to the blood vessels, the ureter is often slightly dorsally displaced and exits the renal pelvis below the vessels.
Projection of the kidneys onto the trunk
The kidney (Ren) is a paired urinary organ located retroperitoneally in the abdominal cavity.
Due to its central location it touches almost all organs. They are located between the 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebra, while the hilum is located at the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebra.
The liver is ventral to the kidney. The space in between is called Recessus hepatorenalis and represents the deepest space of the abdominal cavity in humans. Therefore it is a popular site for pathological fluid deposition. The kidneys project a triangle onto the trunk which extends from the lower edge of the bony thorax to the lateral edge of the spinal column.
View from ventral: The kidneys lie retroperitoneally under the diaphragm. They are therefore passively moved with the respiration. In severe diseases such as metastatic tumours, this can lead to the disappearance of the fat capsule (capsula adiposa), in which the kidney is usually firmly integrated, and to the lowering of the kidneys. Vessels and the ureter can be trapped and disturbances in renal perfusion can be caused.
View from dorsal: The kidneys are dorsally overlapped by the pleural cavities and the right kidney is less distant from the iliac crest.
Nieren in situ
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Folgende Organe wurden im "WebViewer" entfernt: alle intraperitonealen Organe, die sekundär retroperitoneale Kolonabschnitte und Capsula adiposa vor den Nieren. Das Duodenum und das Pancreas wurde belassen. An der Rückwand der Peritonealhöhle werden die Nieren von den Verbindungsstellen der Colon ascendens und descendens überlagert. Teile des Duodenum sowie linke bzw. rechte Kolonflexur und das Pancreas liegen zwar in direkter Nachbarschaft zu den Nieren, sind jedoch durch Bindegewebe und Fett der Capsula adiposa getrennt.
Nachbarorgane der Nieren
Die vorderen Flächen der Nieren stehen im engen Kontakt zu zahlreichen Organen des Abdomens. Die Nebennieren sind ihnen dabei am nächsten, aufgrund der Capsula adiposa berühren sie sich jedoch nicht. Die anderen Nachbarorgane hinterlassen auf der formstabilen Niere, anders als bei der Leber, keine Abdrücke und sind daher nur topografisch relevant. Die retroperitoneal liegenden Nieren sind von den retroperitonealen Organen durch Faszien des Nierenlagers isoliert und von den intraperitonealen Organen außerdem durch das Peritoneum.
Makroskopischer Aufbau der Niere (Demnächst)
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