Translations:Niere (Ren)/79/en

The anterior surfaces of the kidneys are in close contact with numerous organs of the abdomen. The adrenal glands are closest to them, but due to the capsula adiposa they do not touch each other. In contrast to the liver, the other neighbouring organs leave no marks on the stable kidney and are therefore only topographically relevant. The retroperitoneal kidneys are isolated from the retroperitoneal organs by fascia of the renal bed and from the intraperitoneal organs by the peritoneum.