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The stomach (lat. gaster) is a hollow-spaced digestive organ. In the stomach, gastric juice and digestive pulp are mixed together and uniformly tempered.
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<div class="floatright" style="margin:0.4em;">[[File:PfeilDropdown.png|20px|link=|Exercises]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben: Abdomen und Becken|Abdomen and pelvis]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgabe: Magen|Stomach]]</div>
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==Structure of the stomach==
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<div class="segmenter"><segmenter-embedding public wsemb-id="Magen" file="Magen.seg" height="300" width="400"/></div>
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<segmenter>https://dornheim.cloud/index.php/apps/segmenter/embedding/view?identifier=HkIebKBgWZyJ</segmenter>
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<div class="floatright" style="margin:0.4em;">[[File:PfeilDropdown.png|20px|link=|Neigbouring structures]]</div>
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<div class="dropbtnart">Neigbouring structures</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Speiseröhre|Esophagus]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Milz|Spleen]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Leber|Liver]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Lunge|Lung]]</div>
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The largest part of the stomach is formed by the gastric body (<i>corpus gastricum</i>). The stomach ends at the top with the <i>fundus gastricus</i>, which is highest in the standing patient and where the inhaled air is located (visible as a stomach bladder in the lower CT image). The fundus is at about the same level as the horizontal boundary of the liver. The esophagus ends in the <i>Pars cardiaca</i>, which is located in the upper part of the stomach. On the outside, the stomach is covered with serous peritoneal, while the esophagus is surrounded by adventitious connective tissue. <br>
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After the corpus follows the <i>Antrum pyloricum</i>. The transition of the porter's channel into the small intestine is formed by the <i>M. sphincter pylori</i> . The <i>M. sphincter pylori</i> is caused by the particularly strong ring muscles of the stomach. This causes the visible constriction of the <i>Canalis pyloricus</i>.
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Organe Abdomen und Becken|Organs of abdomen and pelvis]]</div>
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<div class="floatright" style="margin:0.4em;">[[File:PfeilDropdown.png|20px|link=|Organ system]]</div>
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<div>[[Special:MyLanguage/Verdauungsapparat|Digestive system]]</div>
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==Anatomy==
  
==Position in horizontal section==
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The largest part of the stomach is formed by the gastric body (corpus gastricum). The stomach ends at the top with the fundus gastricus, which is highest in the standing patient and where the inhaled air is located (visible as a stomach bladder in the lower CT image). The fundus is at about the same level as the horizontal boundary of the liver. The esophagus ends in the pars cardiaca, which is located in the upper part of the stomach. On the outside, the stomach is covered with serous peritoneal, while the esophagus is surrounded by adventitious connective tissue. </br>
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After the corpus follows the antrum pyloricum. The transition of the porter's channel into the small intestine is formed by the m. sphincter pylori. The m. sphincter pylori is caused by the particularly strong ring muscles of the stomach. This causes the visible constriction of the canalis pyloricus.
  
[[File:Magenschnitt.png|center|590px|height:430px|Stomach: Section through the stomach]]
 
  
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==Position in horizontal section==
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:Magenschnitt.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Stomach: Section through the stomach. View from cranial with section in the horizontal in the region of the 1st lumbar or 7th thoracic vertebra." width="400" height="300" style="width:300px; height:300px;float:left;margin:1px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;display: flex;justify-content: center;"/>
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Stomach: Section through the stomach</div>
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The picture above shows an incision in the horizontal from the cranial direction in the area of the 1st lumbar vertebra and the 7th thoracic vertebra.
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The stomach lies within the peritoneum (intraperitoneal) and is located in the immediate vicinity of various organs. The curved organ contours on both sides of the stomach are called large (curvaturagastrica major) and small (curvaturagastrica minor) stomach curvatures. Ventrally, the left lobe of the liver towers above the stomach up to the left upper abdomen. The stomach is dorsally adjacent to the spleen. The stomach has two mesogastria as developmental rudiments, which develop further as omentum majus and minus as well as connecting lines between stomach and adjacent organs and include the net bag (bursa omentalis). The bursa omentalis is the slit-shaped displacement space of the peritoneal cavity, which lies dorsally from the stomach. The back wall of the bursa omentalis is formed by the pancreas. For gastric peristalsis, the peritoneal coating plays an important role, as it establishes mobility in relation to the neighbouring organs.
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The stomach lies within the peritoneum '''(intraperitoneal)''' and is located in the immediate vicinity of various organs. The curved organ contours on both sides of the stomach are called large (<i>Curvaturagastrica major</i>) and small (<i>Curvaturagastrica minor</i>) stomach curvatures. Ventrally, the left lobe of the liver towers above the stomach up to the left upper abdomen. The stomach is dorsally adjacent to the spleen. The stomach has two mesogastria as developmental rudiments, which develop further as <i>Omentum majus</i> and <i>minus</i> as well as connecting lines between stomach and adjacent organs and include the net bag (<i>Bursa omentalis</i>). The <i>bursa omentalis</i> is the slit-shaped displacement space of the peritoneal cavity, which lies dorsally from the stomach. The back wall of the <i>bursa omentalis</i> is formed by the pancreas. For gastric peristalsis, the peritoneal coating plays an important role, as it establishes mobility in relation to the neighbouring organs.
 
 
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==Projection onto the trunk==
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<lightbox-embedding src="file:gaster.png" group="image-group-1" caption="Stomach: Projection onto the trunk" width="400" height="300" style="width:300px; height:300px;float:left;margin:1px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;display: flex;justify-content: center;"/>
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Stomach: Projection onto the trunk</div>
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The gastric fundus/corpus is projected on the trunk between the 6th and 10th rib, on the area between linea mediana anterior and linea medioclavicularis. The path between the symphysis upper edge and the upper edge of the manubrium sterni plays an important role in clinical investigations. The pyloric part is located in this area (pylorus). The pyloric part is rather immovable from the rest of the stomach because he is connected to the duodenum located in the Retroperitoneum.
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==Projektion auf den Rumpf==
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==Relationship to neighbouring organs==  
  
[[File:gaster.png|right|490px|height:430px|Magen: Projektion auf den Rumpf]]
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Due to the position of the stomach within the peritoneum, it is very mobile in relation to neighbouring organs. Under certain circumstances, this can lead to disease processes (stomach ulcers, malignant tumours) that penetrate the stomach wall spreading to tight-fitting, neighbouring organs.
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Der Magenfundus/-Corpus wird auf dem Rumpf zwischen der 6. und der 10. Rippe projiziert, auf der Fläche zwischen <i>Linea mediana anterior</i> und <i>Linea medioclavicularis</i>. Einen wichtigen Orientierungspunkt bei klinischen Untersuchungen spielt der Weg zwischen Symphysenoberkante und Oberand des <i>Manubrium sterni</i>. In diesem Bereich befindet sich der Pförtner (<i>Pylorus</i>). Er ist gegenüber der restlichen Magenabschnitte ziemlich unbeweglich, da er mit dem im '''Retroperitoneum''' gelegenen Duodenum verbunden ist.
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==Stomach in situ==
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Stomach in situ from the anterior view of the abdomen with elevated liver and removed omentum minus or major. In the left upper abdomen the close contact between the large gastric curvature and the spleen becomes visible.  
  
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==Diseases==
  
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*[[Special:MyLanguage/Reizmagen|Irritable stomach]]
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*[[Special:MyLanguage/Magenschleinhautentzündung|Gastritis]]
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*[[Special:MyLanguage/Morbus Crohn|Morbus Crohn]]
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*[[Special:MyLanguage/Colitis ulcerosa|Colitis ulcerosa]]
  
==Beziehung zu Nachbarorganen==
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==Free exploration==
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<div style="float:left;margin-right:1em;"><segmenter-embedding public wsemb-id="Magen" file="Magen.seg" height="300" width="400"/></div>
  
Aufgrund der Lage des Magens innerhalb  des Bauchfells, ist er sehr beweglich gegenüber benachbarten Organen. Dies kann unter Umständen dazu führen, dass Krankheitsprozesse (Magengeschwüre, bösartige Tumore) welche die Magenwand durchdringen, auf enganliegende, benachbarte Organe übergreifen.  
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<div style="float:left;width:50%">Look at the structure of the stomach in 3D and explore it freely. Afterwards you can test your acquired knowledge by the exercises.</div>
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| <!--[segmenter_snapshot gaster1 0]-->Ansicht Magenvorderwand<!--[/]--> |  <!--[segmenter_snapshot gaster1 1]-->Ansicht Magenhinterwand<!--[/]--> |
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<li class="mw-ui-button button_new" >[[Special:MyLanguage/Übungsaufgaben|Exercises]]</li>
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<li class="button_article"><b>Further article</b></li>
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==Magen in situ==
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Magen in situ (<!--[segmenter_snapshot gaster1 2]-->'''hier'''<!--[/]--> anzeigen lassen) aus der anterioren Ansicht des Abdomens mit angehobener Leber und entfernten <i>Omentum minus</i> bzw. <i>major</i>. Im linken Oberbauch wird der enge Kontakt von der großen Magenkurvatur zur Milz (Splen) sichtbar.
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[[Category:Organs abdomen]]
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[[Category:Inner organs]]
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[[Category:Organ system]]
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[[Category:Body regions]]
  
''weiterführende Links''
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Aktuelle Version vom 4. Januar 2022, 14:54 Uhr

The stomach (lat. gaster) is a hollow-spaced digestive organ. In the stomach, gastric juice and digestive pulp are mixed together and uniformly tempered.


Anatomy

The largest part of the stomach is formed by the gastric body (corpus gastricum). The stomach ends at the top with the fundus gastricus, which is highest in the standing patient and where the inhaled air is located (visible as a stomach bladder in the lower CT image). The fundus is at about the same level as the horizontal boundary of the liver. The esophagus ends in the pars cardiaca, which is located in the upper part of the stomach. On the outside, the stomach is covered with serous peritoneal, while the esophagus is surrounded by adventitious connective tissue.
After the corpus follows the antrum pyloricum. The transition of the porter's channel into the small intestine is formed by the m. sphincter pylori. The m. sphincter pylori is caused by the particularly strong ring muscles of the stomach. This causes the visible constriction of the canalis pyloricus.


Position in horizontal section

Stomach: Section through the stomach

The stomach lies within the peritoneum (intraperitoneal) and is located in the immediate vicinity of various organs. The curved organ contours on both sides of the stomach are called large (curvaturagastrica major) and small (curvaturagastrica minor) stomach curvatures. Ventrally, the left lobe of the liver towers above the stomach up to the left upper abdomen. The stomach is dorsally adjacent to the spleen. The stomach has two mesogastria as developmental rudiments, which develop further as omentum majus and minus as well as connecting lines between stomach and adjacent organs and include the net bag (bursa omentalis). The bursa omentalis is the slit-shaped displacement space of the peritoneal cavity, which lies dorsally from the stomach. The back wall of the bursa omentalis is formed by the pancreas. For gastric peristalsis, the peritoneal coating plays an important role, as it establishes mobility in relation to the neighbouring organs.

Projection onto the trunk

Stomach: Projection onto the trunk

The gastric fundus/corpus is projected on the trunk between the 6th and 10th rib, on the area between linea mediana anterior and linea medioclavicularis. The path between the symphysis upper edge and the upper edge of the manubrium sterni plays an important role in clinical investigations. The pyloric part is located in this area (pylorus). The pyloric part is rather immovable from the rest of the stomach because he is connected to the duodenum located in the Retroperitoneum.

Relationship to neighbouring organs

Due to the position of the stomach within the peritoneum, it is very mobile in relation to neighbouring organs. Under certain circumstances, this can lead to disease processes (stomach ulcers, malignant tumours) that penetrate the stomach wall spreading to tight-fitting, neighbouring organs.

Stomach in situ

Stomach in situ from the anterior view of the abdomen with elevated liver and removed omentum minus or major. In the left upper abdomen the close contact between the large gastric curvature and the spleen becomes visible.

Diseases

Free exploration

Look at the structure of the stomach in 3D and explore it freely. Afterwards you can test your acquired knowledge by the exercises.


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