Leber (Hepar)/en: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

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     <td><b>Sicht von dorsal auf die Pars superior der Facies diaphragmatica</b>
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     <td><b>Dorsal view of the pars superior of the facies diaphragmatica</b>
 
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     <td><b>Sicht von ventral auf die Facies diaphragmatica</b>
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     <td><b>View from ventral to the facies diaphragmatica</b>
 
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     <td><b>Sicht von kaudal auf die Facies visceralis</b>
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     <td><b>View from caudal on the facies visceralis</b>
 
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<td> Der größte Teil der Leberoberfläche ist umgeben mit viszeralem Peritoneum. Jedoch bleibt die Area nuda als einzige peritonealfrei, ihre Oberfläche bildet die bindegewebige Kapsel. Außerhalb der Peritonealabdeckung verlassen die meist drei Vv. hepatica die Leber. Eine Besonderheit ist, dass bei der Leber nur die zuführende Arterie und zuführende V. portae hepatis als auch Ductus choledochus im Mesohepaticum verlaufen, die abführenden Venen hingegen nicht. An den Umschlagsorten des viszeralen in das parietale Peritoneum an der Unterseite des Zwerchfells, erscheint das bindegewebige Peritonealepithel als
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<td> Most of the liver surface is surrounded by visceral peritoneum. However, the area nuda is the only one that remains peritoneally free; its surface forms the connective tissue capsule. Outside the peritoneal cover the usually three Vv. hepatica leave the liver. A special feature of the liver is that in the liver, only the incoming artery and the incoming V. portae hepatis and Ductus choledochus run in the mesohepaticum, but not the outgoing veins. At the points of transition from the visceral to the parietal peritoneum on the underside of the diaphragm, the connective tissue peritoneal epithelium appears as
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„Strang“ (Lig. coronarium). Aus dieser bindegewebigen Struktur entsteht am linken Leberlappen ein kleiner Zipfel (Appendix fibrosa hepatis).
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"Strang" (Lig. coronarium). From this connective tissue structure a small tip (Appendix fibrosa hepatis) develops on the left lobe of the liver.
 
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Aus der ventralen Ansicht sind die zwei Leberlappen, der große Lobus hepatis dexter und der kleinere Lobus hepatis sinister, gut zu erkennen. Das Lig. falciforme hepatis verläuft zwischen den beiden Lappen. Das Ligamentum falciforme hepatis bildet das Mesohepaticum ventrale und somit die Verbindung zwischen Leber und Bauchwand.  
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From the ventral view, the two liver lobes, the large lobe hepatis dexter and the smaller lobe hepatis sinister, are clearly visible. The Lig. falciforme hepatis runs between the two lobes. The Ligamentum falciforme hepatis forms the Mesohepaticum ventrale and thus the connection between liver and abdominal wall.  
 
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Die kaudale Sicht ermöglicht einen Blick auf zwei weitere der insgesamt vier Leberlappen: den Lobus caudatus und den Lobus quadratus hepatis. Das Lig. hepatoduodenale dient der Leber zusammen mit dem Lig. hepatogastricum als Mesohepaticum dorsale und gehört topografisch zum Omentum minus.  
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The caudal view allows a view of two more of the four liver lobes: the caudatus and the quadratus hepatis. The Lig. hepatoduodenale serves the liver together with the Lig. hepatogastricum as Mesohepaticum dorsale and belongs topographically to the Omentum minus.  
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Die Gallenblase überragt den unteren Leberrand mit dem Fundus und liegt der Facies visceralis eng an. Der Hals der Gallenblase zeigt zur Leberpforte, wo sie in Kontakt mit den extrahepatischen Gallenwegen gelangt.  
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The gallbladder towers above the lower edge of the liver with the fundus and lies closely to the facies visceralis. The neck of the gallbladder points to the hepatic portal where it comes into contact with the extrahepatic bile ducts.  
 
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Version vom 29. Mai 2020, 15:35 Uhr

The liver is the largest digestive gland in the human body. Due to its function and tasks it is the central organ of metabolism. It forms important proteins and detoxifies the body. Almost all nutrients that are absorbed through the intestines are first passed through the liver.


Anatomy

Projection

The liver is located in the right upper abdomen but extends beyond the epigastrium into the left upper abdomen. It is pushed far in front of the stomach, which leaves an imprint (Impressio gastrica) at the back of the left lobe of the liver. The right lobe of the liver comes into close contact with the large intestine (right flexure), the small intestine (pars superior), the upper part of the right kidney and the right adrenal gland. Their imprint sites are also named accordingly: Impressio colica, duodenalis, renalis and suprarenalis. The position of the liver is strongly dependent on breathing, as its underside is fused with the diaphragm. Age and posture are also decisive for the position of the liver. The gallbladder lies dorsally between the left and right lobe of the liver.

Liver: view from ventral

Liver: view from dorsal

Liver in situ

Liver: horizontal section through the abdomen

Liver: section through the abdomen with view of the liver

The thin area of tissue between the liver and the curvature of the stomach is called omentum minus. This serous skin coats the peritoneal cavity and is the ventral boundary of the bursa omentalis. It is bordered on the right side by the liver. The downward pointing edge of the liver is sharp-edged and easy to palpate in an enlarged liver. The liver extends from the right hypochondriac region via the epigastric region to the left upper abdomen. The stomach is visible at the lower left border of the liver. The gallbladder is located on the underside of the liver and protrudes above the lower edge of the liver.


Liver segments

The liver segments are formed by a total of 8 functional subunits of the liver. Each of these units has a branch of the portal vein, the bile duct and a segment branch of the arteria hepatica propria.

Assignment to Partes and Divisiones

Pars hepatis sinistra
Segment I Pars posterior hepatis, Lobus caudatus
  • Segmentum posterius laterale sinistrum
    (= Segmentum II)
  • Segmentum anterius laterale sinistrum
    (= Segmentum III)
 Divisio lateralis sinistra
Segmentum mediale sinistrum
(= Segmentum IV)

subdivided into segment IVa and IVb

 Divisio medialis sinistra
Pars hepatis dextra
Segmentum anterius mediale dextrum
(= Segmentum V)

Segmentum posterius mediale dextrum
(= Segmentum VIII)

 Divisio medialis dextra
Segmentum anterius laterale dextrum
(= Segmentum VI)

Segmentum posterius laterale dextrum
(= Segmentum VII)

 Divisio lateralis dextra

Since each subunit has its own supply route, the liver segments can be removed individually by surgery. The liver is still functional after the removal of a subunit, as are the removed subunits themselves. This makes a partial implantation of a liver possible.

Different views

Dorsal view of the pars superior of the facies diaphragmatica View from ventral to the facies diaphragmatica View from caudal on the facies visceralis
Most of the liver surface is surrounded by visceral peritoneum. However, the area nuda is the only one that remains peritoneally free; its surface forms the connective tissue capsule. Outside the peritoneal cover the usually three Vv. hepatica leave the liver. A special feature of the liver is that in the liver, only the incoming artery and the incoming V. portae hepatis and Ductus choledochus run in the mesohepaticum, but not the outgoing veins. At the points of transition from the visceral to the parietal peritoneum on the underside of the diaphragm, the connective tissue peritoneal epithelium appears as

"Strang" (Lig. coronarium). From this connective tissue structure a small tip (Appendix fibrosa hepatis) develops on the left lobe of the liver.

From the ventral view, the two liver lobes, the large lobe hepatis dexter and the smaller lobe hepatis sinister, are clearly visible. The Lig. falciforme hepatis runs between the two lobes. The Ligamentum falciforme hepatis forms the Mesohepaticum ventrale and thus the connection between liver and abdominal wall.

The caudal view allows a view of two more of the four liver lobes: the caudatus and the quadratus hepatis. The Lig. hepatoduodenale serves the liver together with the Lig. hepatogastricum as Mesohepaticum dorsale and belongs topographically to the Omentum minus. The gallbladder towers above the lower edge of the liver with the fundus and lies closely to the facies visceralis. The neck of the gallbladder points to the hepatic portal where it comes into contact with the extrahepatic bile ducts.


Structure of the liver


Die Leber hat als größtes und wichtigstes Stoffwechselorgan verschiedene Aufgaben im menschlichen Körper. Sie produziert lebenswichtige Proteine und ist maßgeblich an der Verwertung von Nahrungsbestandteilen sowie dem Abbau und der Ausscheidung von Stoffen beteiligt.

Erkrankungen

Schauen Sie sich die Struktur der Leber in 3D an und explorieren Sie sie frei. Danach können Sie Ihr erlerntes Wissen durch die Übungsaufgaben überprüfen.


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