Liver (Hepar)
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Function of the liver
As the largest and most important metabolic organ, the liver has various tasks in the human body. It produces vital proteins and is significantly involved in the utilization of food components as well as the breakdown and excretion of substances.
Structure of the liver
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| View from dorsal to the superior pars of the Facies diaphragmatica | View from ventral to the Facies diaphragmatica | View from caudal to the Facies visceralis |
| Most of the liver surface is surrounded by visceral peritoneum. However, the Area nuda remains the only peritoneal free, its surface forming the connective tissue capsule. Outside of peritoneal coverage, the three Vv. hepatica usually leave the liver. A peculiarity is that in the liver only the supplying artery and supplying V. portae hepatis and Ductus choledochus run in the Mesohepaticum, whereas the laxative veins do not. At the transients from the visceral to the parietal peritoneum at the underside of the diaphragm, the connective tissue peritoneal epithelium appears as "strand" (Lig. coronarium). From this connective tissue structure a small tip develops on the left hepatic lobe (appendix fibrosa hepatis). |
From the ventral view, the two liver lobes, the large Lobus hepatis dexter and the smaller Lobus hepatis sinister, are clearly visible. The Lig. falciforme hepatis runs between the two lobes. The Ligamentum falciforme hepatis forms the Mesohepaticum ventrale and thus the connection between liver and abdominal wall. |
The caudal view allows a look at two more of the four liver lobes: the Lobus caudatus and the Lobus quadratus hepatis. The Lig. hepatoduodenale serves the liver together with the Lig. hepatogastricum as Mesohepaticum dorsale and belongs topographically to the Omentum minus. The gall bladder overhangs the lower edge of the liver with the fundus and lies close to the facies visceralis. The neck of the gall bladder points to the hepatic orifice, where it comes into contact with the extrahepatic bile ducts. |
Projection and Topography
Projection
The liver is located in the right upper abdomen, but extends beyond the epigastrium into the left upper abdomen. It pushes itself far in front of the stomach, which leaves a mark (Impressio gastrica) on the back of the left hepatic lobe. The right lobe of the liver comes into close contact with the colon (right flexure), the small intestine (Pars superior), the upper part of the right kidney and the right adrenal gland. Their impression sites are also named: Impressio colica, duodenalis, renalis and suprarenalis (see "WebViewer"). The position of the liver is strongly dependent on respiration, since its underside is fused with the diaphragm. Age and posture are also decisive for the position of the liver. The gall bladder lies dorsally between the left and right lobe of the liver.
Leber in situ
Das dünne Gewebeareal zwischen der Leber und der Kurvatur des Magens wird Omentum minus genannt. Diese seröse Haut kleidet die Peritonealhöhle und ist die ventrale Begrenzung der Bursa omentalis. Diese wird rechts von der Leber begrenzt.
Der nach unten weisende Leberrand ist scharfkantig und gut zu tasten bei einer vergrößerten Leber. Die Leber dehnt sich von der rechten Regio hypochondriaca über die Regio epigastrica bis in den linken Oberbauch aus. Am linken Leberunterrand ist der Magen zu sehen. Die Gallenblase liegt an der Unterseite der Leber und überragt den unteren Leberrand.
Lebersegmente
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Zuordnung zu Partes und Divisiones
| Pars hepatis sinistra | |
| Segment I | Pars posterior hepatis, Lobus caudatus |
| Segmentum posterius laterale sinistrum (= Segmentum II) Segmentum anterius laterale sinistrum |
Divisio lateralis sinistra |
| Segmentum mediale sinistrum (= Segmentum IV) untergliedert in Segment IVa und IVb |
Divisio medialis sinistra |
| Pars hepatis dextra | |
| Segmentum anterius mediale dextrum (= Segmentum V) Segmentum posterius mediale dextrum |
Divisio medialis dextra |
| Segmentum anterius laterale dextrum (= Segmentum VI) Segmentum posterius laterale dextrum |
Divisio lateralis dextra |
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